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Cardio
Cardio conditions and drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| digoxin (Lanoxin) | Cardiac glucoside/Inotrope - treats chronic HF Slows rate of ventricular contraction (a-fib, a-flutter); allows for fewer but more efficient contractions; HOLD IF APICAL PULSE <60 |
| furosemide (Lasix) | Loop diuretic - treats mod to severe HF Used when rapid effects needed Reduces edema→pulls off fluid; Daily weight, I&O; Electrolytes monitored→K+ wasting |
| spironolactone (Aldactone) | Potassium-sparing diuretic - treats advanced HF with inadequate renal function Reduces ascites, edema(→pulls off fluid), hypokalemia, HTN, and hyperaldosteronism; Daily weight, I&O; |
| hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix, Oretic) | Thiazide diuretic - treats early or mild HF Reduces edema→pulls off fluid, aldosterone antagonist Assess for adventitious lung sounds, heart for S3, and peripheral edema; Electrolytes, fluid status, daily weight (>2 lb/24 hours) |
| propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal) | Beta-blockers ("Lols") - treats chronic HF Slows HR (atrial flutter, atrial fib, pervent v-fib); decreases excitability of heart, cardiac workload, oxygen consumption; SIDE EFFECT: DRY COUGH→caution in asthmatics |
| enalapril maleate (Vasotec) | ACE Inhibitors ("Prils") - treats HF, HTN, asymptomatic L ventricular dysfunction, and acute coronary syndrome/MI Promotes vasodilation (decreasing BP); decreases aldosterone secretion (increasing K+ and reducing Na+ and H2O retention) |
| valsartan (Diovan) only ARB with FDA approval for HF losartan potassium (Cozaar) | Angiotensin II-receptor blocker (ARB) - treats mod to severe HF Blocks vasoconstriction effect of renin-angiotensin→decrease in BP HOLD IF BP IS LOW |
| milrinone lactate (Primacor) | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (cardiotonic-inotropic agents) - treats acute to severe HF Increases the force of myocardial contraction; used for pts who do not respond to routine pharm therapy; reserved for those with severe ventricular dysfunction |
| dobutamine hydrochloride (Dobutrex) | Selective Beta-1 adrenergic agonist - treats acute to severe CHF, cardiac decompensation, shock, Angina pectoris Usually used with milrinone lactate for treatment of HF |
| atorvistatin (Lipitor) rosuvastatin (Crestor) simvistatin (Zocor) | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) - treats CAD Blocks production of cholesterol in liver Must monitor liver enzymes |
| niacin (Nicolar) | Nicotinic acid (vitamin) - treats CAD Lowers LDL and increases HDL |
| cholestyramine (Questran) | Bile acid resin - treats CAD Binds bile from the liver and prevents it from being reabsorbed into the circulatory system; bile is made mostly from cholesterol Constipation, gas and upset stomach |
| fenofibrate (Tricor) | Fibrate - treats CAD Reduces the production of triglycerides and can increase HDL cholesterol |
| nitroglycerin (Nitro-bind, Nitro-Dur) | Nitrate - treats angina pectoris Potent vasodilator: venous→↓ venous pressure, return to heart, preload; coronary artery→↑ blood flow to ischemic areas of heart; Arteriole→ ↓afterload (↓BP, cardiac workload), DO NOT USE w/ Viagra |
| diltiazem (Cardizem) | Calcium channel blocker - treats angina pectoris, tachycardia Block calcium from entering myocardial cells→slows conduction through SA and AV nodes to ↓HR Assess for bradycardia before and after |
| clopidogrel (Plavix) | Antiplatelet - treats angina pectoris Decreases platelets "sticking together" |
| heparin, warfarin (Coumadin) | Anticoagulants - treats angina pectoris Reduces viscosity of blood to reduce risk of clots Bleeding risk, need to monitor blood levels (labs) |
| MONA | Morphine, oxygen, nitro, aspirin (given in ED) Treats acute coronary syndrome/MI |
| Heart Failure Medications | digoxin (Lanoxin) cardiac glycoside/inotrope;diuretics= loop=furosemide(Lasix); K+sparing spirolactone( Aldactone); thiazide hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ); Beta blockers(Lols); ACE inhibitors(Prils); ARBs; milrinone; dobutamine |
| Coronary artery disease Medications | Statins; Niacin; Bile acid resins; Fibrates |
| Angina pectoris Medications | Nitrates (nitro); Beta-blockers (Lols); Calcium channel blockers; Antiplatelets; Anticoagulants |
| Acute Coronary Syndrome/MI Medications | MONA (morphine, oxygen, nitro, aspirin) in ED; ACE inhibitors (Prils) |
| Pulmonary edema Medications | Diuretics and vasodilators (nitro) |
| Cardiogenic shock Medications | Diuretics, digoxin, vasopressors (dobutamine)→raise BP by constricting blood vessels |
| Peripheral artery disease (PAD) | Need to improve circulation in extremities→vasodilators, antiplatelet, anticoagulant, statins (reduce cholesterol and plaque accumulation) |
| Hypertension Medications | Diuretics, Beta-blockers, vasodilators, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers Want to ↓ blood volume (diuretics), control HR, and maximize efficiency of contractions. START WITH LOW DOSES,↑GRADUALLY IF NEEDED. Pair drugs with lifestyle changes |
Created by:
kscott59
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