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earth flash cards
for a grade so study theme
Question | Answer |
---|---|
1. atmosphere | 1. atmosphere- a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth: 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases, including carbon dioxide and water vapor. |
2. biosphere | 2. biosphere- the whole area of Earth where life exists; made up of land (lithosphere), water(hydrosphere), and air (atmosphere). |
3. lithosphere | 3. lithosphere- the hard, outer most layer of Earth; made up of the crust and the hard, upper part of the mantle. |
4. hydrosphere | 4. hydrosphere- the surface waters of Earth and the water vapor in the atmosphere. |
5. tectonic plates | 5. tectonic plates- large slabs of lithosphere that move around on the asthenosphere (upper mantle). |
6. stress | 6. stress- amount of force per unit area that is put on a given material. |
7. compression | 7. compression- the type of stress in which an object is squeezed, as when tectonic plates collide. |
8. tension | 8. tension- the type of stress in which forces act to stretch an object, as when tectonic plates pull away from each other. |
9. folding | 9. folding- the bending of rock layers due to stress in Earth’s crust (3 types: anticline, syncline, monocline). |
10. faulting | 10. faulting- when Earth’s crust breaks and the blocks of crust slide past each other (3 types: normal, reverse, strike-slip). |
11. uplift | 11. uplift- the process by which regions of Earth’s crust are raised to a higher elevation. |
12. volcanism(volcanic mountains) | 12. volcanism(volcanic mountains)- mountains form when molten rock erupts onto Earth’s surface, adding material to Earth’s surface. |
13. rock cycle | 13. rock cycle- the continual process by which new rock is formed rorm old rock material. |
14. weathering | 14. weathering- the process by which water, ice, heat, and wind act to break down rocks. |
15. erosion | 15. erosion- the process by which particles of rock are removed from their source; the removal and transport of rock and soil by the flow of water and by the actions of gravity, wind and ice. |
16. deposition | 16. deposition- the process in which water, ice, wind and gravity drop newly formed sediments. |
17. rock | 17. rock- a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals. |
18. mineral | 18. mineral- a naturally formed solid material with a crystal structure; has unique physical properties such as color, hardness, luster, and streak. |
19. igneous rock | 19. igneous rock- forms when hot liquid rock cools and hardens. |
20. sedimentary rock | 20. sedimentary rock- forms when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces (sediment) harden into new rock. |
21. metamorphic rock | 21. metamorphic rock- forms when rock is heated and /or squeezed. |