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Plant Science

College of the Desert - Ch 5-8 Plant Science

QuestionAnswer
What is parent material? Materials from which the soils are derived.
What is topography? The slope of the land and the position on the landscape.
What is the electrical charge of silt? Neutral.
What is the electrical charge of clay? Negative.
What is the electrical charge of water? Bipolar Solvent.
What nutrient is more mobile in the soil and is most used by the plant? Nitrogen.
What does pH stand for? Power of Hydrogen.
What does "PWP" stand for? Permanent Wilting Point.
Explain what happens when a plant reaches PWP. The plant cannot recover.
What is calcium used for in the plant? Builds strong cell walls, keeps the plant rigid.
What are the three letters on a bag of fertilizer and what do their associated numbers represent? N-P-K (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium). It is the percent of each element by the weight of the container.
What is the most immobile primary nutrient? Phosphorus.
If the pH of the soil is HIGH, what would you do to LOWER it? Add sulfur.
How is soil created? Through the processes of heating & cooling, weathering and decomposed plant and animal material.
What is leaching? The process of rainwater passing through the soil moving dissolved substances deeper into the soil.
What are the four parts of soil composition? Mineral matter, Air & liquid portion, organic matter and air.
Which soil particle is the largest? Sand.
Which soil particle is the smallest? Clay.
Which soil particle is in between sand and clay (size)? Silt.
What are the three horizons, or layers, that make up the soil profile? Top soil, subsoil, and parent material.
Which horizon is the top layer, is darker in color and contains organic matter--it is also referred to as the "A" horizon? Topsoil.
Which horizon is just under the surface, is usually lighter in color and contains little or no organic matter--It is also referred to as the "B" horizon? Subsoil.
Which layer is the furthest down and may be firm or difficult for roots to penetrate--It is also referred to as the "C" horizon? Parent material.
What does it mean when the soil has reached its field capacity (FC)? All of the gravitational water has been drained and a vertical movement of water due to gravity is negligible.
What does PWP stand for? Permanent Wilting Point?
What happens when a plant reaches its permanent wilting point? There is no more water available to the plant.
When a soil contains more hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxyl ions (OH-) what is it considered (pH level is less than 7.0)? Acidic.
When a soil contains more hydroxyl ions (OH-) than hydrogen ions (H+) what is it considered (pH level is greater than 7.0)? Alkaline.
If a soil contains equal parts of hydroxy ions and hydrogen ions, what is it considered (pH level is 7.0)? Neutral.
What are the two types of water not available to plants? Gravity water and hydroscopic water.
How does water move through the plant? Through translocation and transpiration.
What are the sixteen essential plant nutrients? CHOPKN CaMgS BClCuFeMnMoZn (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Nitrogen; Carbon, Magnesium, Sulfur; Boron, Chlorine, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum and Zinc).
What is the function of Nitrogen in the plant? Promotes rapid growth; chlorophyll formation; synthesis of amino acids and proteins.
What is the function of Phosphorus in the plant? Stimulates root growth; aids seed formation; used is photosynthesis and respiration.
What is the function of Potassium in the plant? Increases vigor; disease resistance; stalk strength and seed quality.
What are the four types of soil water? Saturation, Gravitational water, Field capacity, and Hydroscopic water.
What soil microorganism makes up the greatest number? Bacteria.
What soil microorganism makes up the greatest volume? Fungi.
What is capillary movement of water in soil? Cohesion and adhesion.
If I apply too much Nitrogen to my tomatoes, what would happen? There would still be vegetative growth, but the fruit would be small.
Which nutrient is considered the "health" nutrient? Potassium.
What is a symbiotic relationship? When tow things help each other for a mutual benefit.
Which form of Nitrogen is considered toxic? Nitrite Nitrogen
What is the reaction between water and clay? They bond together due to the polarity of water.
What is the charge of sand? No charge.
What is one of the major functions of Potassium? Regulates the opening and closing of the stomata.
If the level of sodium in the soil is too high, what is the effect on the plant? Dries it out
What would you add to soil that is too acidic, to bring down the acidity level? Lime.
During cold weather which form of Nitrogen would you use? Nitrate Nitrogen.
When water moves through clay, it moves through very slowly--why? Due to the micropores.
What are four functions of organic matter? They improve physical conditions and structure; they increase water infiltration; they decrease erosion losses; and they supply plant nutrition.
Explain why water is bipolar. Water is comprised of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The odd number of atoms mixed with the mix of both positive and negative atoms makes the molecule bipolar.
Which nutrient is the most abundant and mobile? Nitrogen.
Created by: 203802248
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