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chapter 17 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Atom | the smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of the element |
Nucleus | positively charged center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons and is surrounded by a cloud of electrons. |
Proton | particle, composed of quarks, inside the nucleus of an atom that has a charge of 1+. |
Neutron | neutron particle, composed of quarks, inside the nucleus of an atom |
electron | particles surrounding the center of an atom that have a change of 1- |
quark | particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons |
electron cloud | area around the nucleus of an atom where the atom's electrons are most likely to be found |
Atomic number | number of protons in an atom's nucleus. |
mass number | sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus |
isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
average atomic mass | weighted-average mass of the mixture of an element's isotopes |
periodic table | organized list of all known elements that are arranged by increasing atomic number and by changes in chemical and physical properties. |
group | vertical column in the periodic table |
electron dot diogram | uses the symbol for an element and dots representing the number of electrons in the element's outer energy level. |
period | Horizontal row in the periodic table the amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a fixed point; is expressed in seconds. |