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ChemOfLife
HumanBodyCH2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adenosine triphosphate | transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes |
| Matter | occupy space and has mass |
| Molecules | particles of matter composed one or more atoms |
| elements | pure substances composed of one kind of atom |
| Compound | made up of two or more elements and has the ability to be broken down into the elements that form it. |
| ionic bond | one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in a change that attracts the atoms. |
| covalent bond | formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. |
| inorganic compounds | do not contain carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-hydrogen bond |
| Isotopes | element contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| Organic compounds | contain carbon and include carbon-carbon bonds and/or carbon-hydrogen bonds |
| Cations | are positively charged (Na+) |
| Anions | are negatively charged (Cl-) |
| buffer | is a chemical substance that prevents a sharp change in the pH of a fluid when an acid or base is added to it |
| Carbohydrates | energy source and are composed of monosaccha ride units that can be broken apart to yield energy. |
| Lipids | source of energy that is stored in the body in many forms. They are fat molecules composed mainly of glycerol and fatty acids. |
| Proteins | are composed of amino acids and are responsible for proper growth, development, and maintenance of health |
| Nucleic acids | are involved in the determination and transmission of genetic characteristics. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are composed of nucleotides. These nucleotides serve as a code for assembling proteins. |
| synthesis | the forming or building of a more complex substance or compound from elements or simpler compounds. |
| tryglycerides | lipid molecules formed by one glycerol unit and three fatty acids. Stores energy in cells for later use |
| enzymes | ferment, chemical catalyst, (protein) |
| DNA | molecule of heredity |
| polysaccharides | many saccharides units joined. (carbohydrate). glycogen, starch |
| monosaccheride | basic unit carbohydrate molecules.(glucose, galactose, fructose) |
| phospholipids | stable bilayer structure allows foundation for the cell membrane, soluble in water and oil |
| Sodium | Na, natrium |
| Chlorine | CI, 7 |
| Iodine | I, 7 |
| deoxyribonucleic | nucleic acid DNA, contains genetic code for making protein |
| ribonucleic | nucleic acid RNA, serves as copy of portion of the genetic code |
| Deoxyribose | DNA (sugar) |
| Ribose | RNA sugar |
| RNA nucleotides base | Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Uracil |
| DNA nucleotides base | Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine |
| nucleotides components | phosphate unit, sugar, nitrogen base |
| Oxygen | O, 6 |
| Carbon | C, 4 |
| Hydrogen | H, 1 |
| Nitrogen | N, 5 |
| Calcium | Ca, 2 |
| Phoshorus | P, 5 |
| Potassium | K, 1 (Kalium) |
| Structural protein | fibers, form structure of the body |
| Functional protein | facilitate chemical reaction; send signals; regulates function |
| Electrolytes | Molecules that form ions when dissolved in water. Conduct electrical current in the body and allow the body's electrical impulses to be measured for an EEG or ECG |
| Salt | any compound that results from the chemical interaction of an acid and a base. Dissociate in solution to form positively and negatively charged ions. |
| polymer | a compound formed from two or more polymeric compounds |
| Peptides | short polymer chain |
| Polypeptides | long polymer chain |
| amino acids | The elements that make up a protein molecule are bonded together to form chemical units Are the building blocks of proteins |
| Protein | polymer chain exceeds about 100 amino acids, (molecule) |
| Complementary Base Pairing | Adenine can only pair with thymine (A-T). Cytosine can only pair with guanine (C-G). |
| Disaccheride | two monosaccharides units joined. (carbohydrate). sucrose, lactose, maltose. |
| atomic number | total protons |
| atomic mass | total protons & neutrons |
| Prostaglandins are often referred to as | tissue hormones |
| When RNA is used by a cell to "grab" a specific amino acid and place it in the correct sequence when building a primary protein strand, it is then known | Transfer RNA (tRNA) |
| dehydration synthesis | converts smaller molecules into larger ones by removing water |
| Which type of chemical bond does not result in the formation of a new molecule? | Hydrogen bond |
Created by:
ptenz
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