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Science Study Guide

Historical Astronomy

TermDefinition
Reflecting Telescope Telescope that uses mirrors; preferred by astronomers because it can better focus images.
Hubble Space Telescope Telescope that orbits Earth and can see further into space because it does not have interference from Earth's atmosphere.
Rotation (on axis) The turning or spinning of a planet; causes night and day cycle.
Revolution (orbit) The movement of a planet around the sun; one revolution is a year.
Big Bang Theory The theory that the universe began with an enormous explosion about 13.7 billion years ago.
Galaxy (specifically describe the Milky Way) Groups of stars, dust and gas are galaxies; the Milky Way is a spiral galaxy with billions of stars.
Gravity Force of attraction between objects determined by mass and distance.
Inertia The force that explains resistance to change (object in motion, stays in motion)
Galileo Used telescope; provided proof for heliocentric models
Kepler Planets' orbits are elliptical; three laws of planetary motion
Copernicus Heliocentric (sun-centered) model
Ptolemy Geocentric (earth-centered) model
Newton Described the forces of gravity and inertia in keeping planets in orbit.
Month is based on the moon's revolution around the Earth
Year is based on Earth's revolution around the sun once.
Day is based on the complete rotation of the Earth one time.
Gravity is determined by an objects mass and the distance between objects. It keeps the planets from floating away from the sun.
Inertia is the force that keeps the planets from being pulled into the sun. It describes objects' resistance to change (objects in motion stay in motion).
What is the Big Bang Theory and what does it tell us about the universe? The theory that the universe began with a tremendous explosion about 13.7 billion years ago. The theory explained by the galaxies appearing to move apart and the presence of cosmic background radiation in space.
Describe where our solar system is located in the Milky Way Galaxy? Our solar system is located on one of the outer spiral arms (the Orion Arm) of the Milky Way Galaxy. We are about 26,000 light years away from the center.
How is the universe organized? Every object is part of a larger system and the pattern is repeated over and over again.
Kepler's 1st Law planets' orbit are elliptical
Kepler's 2nd Law the closer an object is to the sun, the faster it moves
Kepler's 3rd Law the further an object is from the sun, the longer it's orbit (this is used to determine a planet's distance from the sun)
Heliocentric Model of the solar system Developed by Copernicus, is a Sun-centered universe
Geocentric Model of the solar system Developed by Ptolemy, is an Earth-centered universe.
What causes moon phases? Moon phases are caused by the positions of the sun. Earth, and moon in space.
What are the phases of the moon in order starting with full moon? Full, Waning gibbous, Last quarter, Waning crescent, New, Waxing crescent, First quarter, Waxing gibbous
What is a solar eclipses? Eclipses are when the shadow of one object falls on another object. A Solar Eclipse occurs when the moon's shadows falls on Earth (this would happen during a new moon).
What is a lunar eclipse? A Lunar Eclipse occurs when the Earth's shadow falls on the moon (this would happen during a full moon).
Why does the Earth have seasons? The Earth has seasons because the Earth's axis is tilted. If the Earth was not tilted, each location on Earth would experience the only one type of seasonal climate all year.
Why does the Earth have seasons? Part 2 When the North Pole is tilted toward the sun, it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere. When the North Pole is tilted away from the sun, it is winter in the Northern Hemispheres.
Created by: gjenkins2
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