Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PDX 2 Exam3 2 NWHSU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Total absence of bowel sounds is a sign of _____ _______ _________ Must listen for a minimum of 2-5 minutes. May indicate _______, _______ ________, or perforated ______ _______ following surgery. | Intra-abominal emergency Peritonitis, adynamic ileus, perforated duodenal ulcer |
| _______ is excessive fluid within the abdomen. This happens due to ______ disease or _______. | Ascites liver disease or cirrhosis |
| __________ is a palpation technique used to evaluate a structure that is floating. Technique of palpating a floating structure by bouncing it gently and feeling it rebound. | Ballottement |
| ________ is prolonged, audible abdominal sounds produced by gas moving through the intestines. This is due to hyper peristalsis or stomach growling. | Borborygmi |
| ________ is stones or solid lumps such as kidney or gallstones. | Caliculi |
| _______ is attacks of abdominal pain, caused by muscle spasms in the intestines which is very common in infants. | Colic |
| ________ is diagnosed if the patient experiences 2+ of the following symptoms over the course of 3 months. Straining during a bowel movement more than 25% of the time, incomplete evacuation more than 25%, two or fewer bowel movements a week. Causes are? | Constipation poor diet, dehyrations, hypothyroidism, IBS, depression, colon cancer, overuse of laxatives |
| ________ is indigestion. Symptoms include heartburn, nausea, bloating, and gas. | Dyspepsia |
| ________ is a problems in swallowing food or liquid usually caused by a blockage or injury to the esophagus. | Dysphagia |
| _______ is accidental passage of bowel. | Encopresis |
| ________ pitched bowel sounds may be a sign of early bowel obstruction. | High |
| ________ bowel sounds is a reduction int eh loudness, tone, or regularity of the sounds. This indicates that intestinal activity has slowed. Consider normal during sleep, often caused by medicine, followed after abdominal surgery, indicates consipation. | hypoactive bowel sounds |
| ________ bowel sounds is from hyperactive intestinal peristalsis. Seen in acute obstruction such as hernia, diarrhea, early obstruction, and hyperactive bowel. | Hyperactive bowel sounds |
| _______ is passage of dark-colored tarry stool. Due to the presence of blood altered by the intestinal juice. | Melena |
| ______ is itching that occurs with increased biliruben. This may occur before jaundice. | Puritis |
| _________ is yellow fatty feces. Caused by malabsorption. Stoools are frequent, fatty (yellow), foul smelling, and flushing resistant. | Steatorrhea |
| ________ is straining to have a bowel movement. May be painful and continue for a long time without the bowel movement occuring. | Tenesmus |
| ________ is stretched veins. | Varices |
| _______ is dry mouth or lack of spit. RA, diabetes, kidney failure, HIV infection, meds, radiation treatment for mouth or throat cancer. | Xerostomia |
| Which two organs cross into both the Right and left upper quadrant? | Pancreas and liver |
| For an abdominal exam you do history -> inspection -> __________ -> ________ -> palpation | Auscultation -> percussion -> palpation auscultation must be performed prior to palpating the area |
| _______ sign is a large bruised looking area with edema around or on the belly button. This indicates _______ hemorrhage. | Cullen sign Retroperitoneal hemorrhage |
| ________ ________ is severe weight loss seen with a debilitating disease. | Scaphoid abdomen |
| Spleen sounds ______ when enlarged. Normally you shouldn't notice different sounds in that area with percussion. | Dull |
| Common misdagnosed tumors are __________ uterus, sacral _______, feces in sigmoid and ________ ______ cartilage. | Pregnant fetus sacral promontory feces in sigmoid floating rib cartilage |
| With acute appendicitis the patient will have ____, possible air accumulation (distention). Bowel sound may be normal or ______. With percussion it may be _______ if air filled. Tenderness in the ____ quadrant at __________ point. | antalgia reduced tympanic RLQ at McBurneys point |
| ________ is pain in RLQ with pressure in the LLQ. This is a test for acute appendicitis. | Rovsings |
| Two additional tests to check for acute appendicitis are _________ involvement by passively stretching. Also passive ____ and _____ flexion with _______ rotation is a localizing peritoneal sign that will cause pain at _________ point. | Psoas hip and knee with external rotation McBurney's point |
| With irritable bowel syndrome the large intestine is not _____ but has a ______ problem. Symptoms are chronic, cramping, abdominal pain with bloating, gas, diarrhea, constipation, _____ in stool. Risk factors are __ or older, _______ (M/F), and family hx. | not damaged but has a functional problem mucus in stool 45 or older female |
| ______ ______ is an inflammatory bowel disease in which the rectum and colon devlop ulcers. It's cause is unknown. Symptoms include pain, diarrhea with blood or puss, rectal bleeding, anemia, fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite. | Ulcerative colitis |
| Ulcerative colitis will have finger _______, _____ bowel sounds, ________ bowel sounds when active, may be more resonant sounding, ______ noted over abdomen with palpation that my be painful or painless. | Finger clubbing normal bowel sounds hyperactive bowel when active regidity noted over the abdomen |
| ____ ___ is a type of irritable bowel disease that caused inflammation of the intestinal lining. Most commonly affects the ileum and colon. Common under age __. Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, fatigue, abdomen pain, bloody stool, anorexia and __ sores | Chrohns disease Mouth sores (More common finding than other types of IBD) |
| With exam of crohns disease there will be abdominal bloating, oral _____ _______, _______ bowel sounds, diffuse abdominal tenderness, local pain over affected region, Mass palpated due to thickened and inflamed bowel. | oral apthous ulcers normal bowel sounds |
| Exam of the _________ of the abdomen there is nothing visible, audible, and cannot be percussed or palpated. | peritoneum |
| With peritonitis the patient may have _______ and regarded movements if they move at all. There may be _____ _______ sounds. There may be dullness if the patient has _____. With palpation there will be muscle guarding with regidity. | Antalgia friction rub sounds ascites |
| Normal frequency of bowel sounds is __-__ sounds per minute. They should be high pitched tinkling sounds that increase after meals. | 5-30 |
| With small intestine obstruction there will be distention of the abdomen with _____ bowel sounds heard in early obstruction and _______ later. It will sound ______-_________. There will be muscle guarding and pain. | Increased bowel sounds early hypoactive or silent later hyper-tympanic |
| Small intestinal bowel sounds with Paralytic ileus will be _______. | Silent |
| With a hernia exam you will see a worse bulge with increased ______-_______ _______. The bowel sounds may be increased early, or decreased late. Do not percuss a hernia! | intra-abdominal pressure |
| 3 causes of enlarged liver would be _____ _______ _____, _________, or ________ _______ or cancer. | Right heart failure hepatitis cirrhosis or liver cancer |
| Liver is hypomobile and moved by the diaphragm. There is less than __cm of movement on inspiration. _______ is pus filled lung. A painful liver below the diaphragm may be ____ _______. These all can be prhenic nerve related problems. | 2cm pneumonia pus filled gall bladder |
| Special maneuver for the Gall Bladder would be ______ _______. This would be a tender gall bladder. The patient stop inspiration due to increasing pain as they breath in. Thumb/fingertip pressure is directed toward the GB under the rib margin. | Murphy's Sign |
| Acute _________ occurs when bile becomes trapped in the gallbladder. This often happens because gallstones block the cystic duct leading to swelling and infection. Risk factors 5 F's are what? | Cholecystis Female 4:1 Fertile/pregnancy Forty years or older Fat Obese Flatulent |
| Symptoms include sharp cramping pain in __ quadrant, midback pain below __ scapula, clay colored stool, ___ of eyes and skin. | RUQ Right scapula Jaundice |
| ________ is when the cardiac sphincter allows stomach contents to reflux into the esophagus causing irritation. Symptoms are heartburn acidic taste, dry mouth, trouble swallowing for 2+ weeks. no signs examinable. | Stomach GERD |
| ______ ______ is the breakdown in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. Risk factors are alcohol, ______ (number one cause), NSAIDs, and smoking. | Peptic Ulcer Aspirin (Number one cause) |
| Peptic ulcer symptoms include upper abdomen pain that wakes patient at night, feeling of fullness, hunger soon after eating, nausea decreased with vomiting, _____ vomit, ____ stools that look ____ or _____, fatigue, and weight loss. | blood vomit bloody stools look black or tarry |
| _____ ______ have normal findings everywhere but may have tenderness in the epigastrium with palpation. (many false positives). | peptic ulcers |
| With splenomegally you may see it with inspriation. It remains silent with auscultation but with percussion the area of dullness may expand _______ and _________ as it grows. It may be palpable because it will be __ times its normal size. | Anterior inferior 3 Times |
| _____ _______ is most common if splenomegally is happening. Causes acute blood loss and may irritate the left diaphragm. this may cause elevation of the left testicle (_______ sign). | Ruptured Spleen Kerr's Sign |
| ______ ______ test is when the patient stands on toes and suddenly drops weight to their heels. This will cause _______ pain if positive. | Heel Jar test Kidney pain |
| Kidney enlargement may have a filled in ________. There may be increased sensitivity to the fist percussion and it may become more palpable. | Flank |
| ___________ or kidney stones consist of crystals made up of calcium oxylate or calcium phosphate. Risk factors include family hx, __ or older, __(m/f), dehydration, high ____ diet, obesity, IBS. | Nephrolithiasis 40 or older male high protein diet (or sugar and sodium) |
| Symptoms of kidney stones include extreme back or flank pain, groin or testicular pain, fever or chills, vomiting, ______ in urine, _____ urine, ______ _____ urine, and ______ during urination. | blood in urine cloudy urine burning during urination |
| The symptoms of a kidney stone are similar to a ____. | UTI Urinary Tract Infection |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm risk factors include age __ or older, smokers, __ (m/f), genetics. Symptoms are severe abdominal or back pain, sweating, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, syncope, and tachycardia. | 65 or older male |
| _______ ligaments are suspensory ligaments of the brest. | Cooper ligaments |
| __-__ lobes in the breast that produce milk when stimulated by prolactin. | 15-20 |
| ________ glands are small sebaceous glands located on the areola of the breast | Montgomery glands |
| ______ (of ______) is the upper outer tail of the breast that extends into the axillary region. A common area of breast disorders like cancer. | Tail (of spence) |
| ________ nipple is an extra nipple occuring along the milk line. NBD should not be confused with other pigmented lesions. | Supernumerary nipple |
| Clinical breast exams should occur every __ years between age __-__. | 3 years 20-40 |
| US preventive services task force guidelines recommend that screening mammography be performed _______ between ages __-__. | Biannually between 50-74 |
| Breast cancer risks include family hx in mother or sister, over age __, nulliparous, first child after age __, never breast fed, over 40% over ideal weight, late sexual maturity, and late menopause. | over age 50 first child after 30 |
| 5 D's Related to nipples for breast cancer are ? | Discharge Depression (inversion) discoloration Dermatologic changes Deviation (compared to opposite side) |
| ________ or _______ is shortening or drawing backward of breast tissue skin. Suggests attachment to the lower tissues. ______ is a typical cause. | Retraction or dimpling breast cancer |
| ______ _______ (orange peel) is dimpling of the skin that resembles the skin of an orange. "___ skin". Develops because of blocked lymphatic drainage. Suggest carcinoma of breast. | Peau D'orange Pig skin |
| Breast cancer can occur in males too. Approximately _/___. Most men who develop breast cancer have no known risk factors. Possibly age over __, family hx, and BRCA2 gene. | 1/1000 age 65+ |
| _____ disease of the breast is intraductal carcinoma of the breast. Theory that an underlying malignancy metastasizes through the milk ducts to the nipple and areola. Can be a primary lesion as well. | Pagets disease of the breast |
| Symptoms of pagets disease of the breast is nipple ________ or _______ and redness. It may have scaling or thickened skin around the nipple. It may be flat and 50% have a lump. | itching or tingling |
| _______ is infection of the breast by staph which enters through a break in the skin or nipple. Bacteria infects the fatty tissue of the breast and causes swelling which pushes on the milk ducts. VERY painful! Most common in lactating women. | Mastitis |
| Symptoms of ______ include unilateral breast enlargement, swelling, redness, warmth, pain, lump, itching, nipple discharge, enlarged lymph nodes and fever. | mastitis |
| _______ disease is common in women of the third, fourth, and fifth decades. Characterized by the formation of cysts and intraductal hyperplasia. Typically the most severe just before the onset of menstruation. One possible symptom of PMS. | Fibrocystic Disease |
| Exam of fibrocystic disease there are no apparent changes, possible pain/tenderness and palpable ___ that are largest just prior to menstrual cycle. Non ______ lumps and commonly multiple. | cysts non-fixed |
| ________ of the breast is a benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium. Most common in adolescence to age 30. | Fibroadenoma of the Breast |
| Fibroadenoma has normal inspection but may palpate _______ or ________ lumps. Should be painless, firm, _____ borders, rubbery/hard, and mobile. Feels like a ________. | single or multiple smooth borders Marble |
| _________ is a condition characterized by abnormally large mammary glands in males. Unilateral ________ is a common finding in normal adolescent boys. Hormonal changes may produce this finding. | Gynecomastia Gynecomastia |
| _________ is a pregnant woman (a ______ uterus). Often used in combination with a number or figure to indicate the number of pregnancies a woman has had. Not amount of children but the amount of pregnancies. | Gravida (a gravid uterus) |
| _______ is the onset of menstruation in adolescence or young adulhood. __._ years of age in the US. | Menarche 12.6 yrs |
| _____ is a woman who has given birth to one of more infants. ____ followed by a roman numeral or preceded bya latin prefix designamtes teh number of times a pregnancy has culminated in a single or multiple birth. | Para Para |
| ________ position is the main position a female will be in for a vaginal examination. | Lithotomy position |
| Two main glands to inspect with the vaginal exam. (______ glands on the labia minora and _______ glands two large glands on the sides of the clitoris on the labia majora. Neither should be visible during exam. | Bartholins glands Skenes Glands |
| ________ __________ is when the menses has never occurred. Failure of menses to occur by __ yo in the presence of normal growth and secondary sexual characteristics. Failure of meses to occur by age __ without the onset of puberty is time for exam. | Primary amenorrhea 16 yo 13 time to do a workup for primary amenorrhea |
| ________ _________ is when the menses appeared at puberty but subsequently ceased. Risk factors are obesity, low body weight, sudden weight loss, emotional distress. Causes are pituitary tumors, chemo, hyperthyroidism, Poly cystic ovarian syndrome, D&C. | Secondary Amenorrhea |
| _________ is pain associated with the menstrual cycle. Primary is unrelated to s specific problem with the uterus. Secondary is caused by endometriosis, fibroids, copper IUD, PID, PMS, STI, or stress. | Dysmenorrhea |
| With dysmenorrhea it becomes abnormal if it is severe or disabling causing ____, ______, ____ or severe intestinal cramping. | nausea, vomiting, fainting |
| _________ is white vaginal discharge. Can be normal or increased with pregnancy, birth control, or postmenstrual phase. Can also be abnormal indicating _______ or _______. | Leukorrhea malignancy or infection |
| _________ is abnormal heavy or extended menstrual periods. Soaking through one or more pad/tampons every hour for several hours. Need to change at night, bleed longer than 7 days. Pass clots. Restrict daily activity. Symptoms anemia, fatigue, sob. | Menorrhagia |
| Menorrhagia causes include ________ inbalance, anovulation, fibroids, polyps, cancer, ________ or ectopic pregnancy, genetic bleeding disorders, or meds. | Hormonal imbalnce, miscarriage |
| ________ is any uterine bleeding that is not related to menstruation. Caused by hormonal imbalance, endometriosis, fibroids, and cancer. | Metrorrhagia |
| __________ is menstruation that is abnormally light and infrequent. Occurs more than every 35 days with 4-9 periods a year. Birth control, meds, pcos, and chronic conditions like diabetes and thyroid problems can cause this. | Oligomenorrhea |
| ________ is pain associated with sexual intercourse. Vaginal spasm, lack of lube, genital lesions, and abuse. | Dyspareunia |
| _________ is the natural biological process leading to permanent cessation of the menses. 12 months after your last menstrual period and marks teh end of menstrual cycles. Occurs sometime in the __-__s. | Menopause 40-50s |
| __________ is the term used to describe the months leading up to true menopause. Irregular menses, hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, sleep disruption, emotion changes, weight gain, hair thinning, loss of breast fullness. | Perimenopause |
| _________ is abdominal pain occurring at the time of ovulation. Results from irritation of the peritoneum by bleeding from the ovulation site. | Mittelschmerz |
| Bleeding after intercourse (Post Coital bleeding) indicates _________ or ________ cancer. | Cervicitis or cervical cancer |
| Discharge and odor usually relates to vaginal infection. Fungal (________ or yeast) thick white curd like. Bacterial (___________) thin discharge fishy odor. Protozoal (_________) STD white/grey/yellow/green vaginal discharge. | Fungal candida Bacterial gardnerella Protozoal trichomonas |
| ________ ________ are small, irregular, fleshy projections that are remnants of a ruptured hymen. They are normal and may or may not be present. | Hymenal caruncles |
| _________ is an enlarged clitoris. This may be congenital or acquired by hormone imbalance. | Clitoromegaly |
| _______ is urethral inflammation with local pain, irritation, increased urge to urinate and difficulty starting to urinate. Most common cause is ________ infection. | Urethritis Bacterial |
| ______ ________ is a benign reddish fleshy growth situated at the urethral meatus. It may cause pain and bleeding. | Urethral caruncle |
| Atrophy of the labia minor and introitus is caused by lack of _________. It causes itching, dryness, decreased elasticity, and thinning of the labia minora. | Estrogen |
| _______ _________ is involuntary loss of urine with increased intra abdominal pressure. Damaged external sphincter and pelvic diaphragm. | Stress incontinence |
| ______ _________ is urogenital diaphragm problem. The uterus may migrate to the vaginal opening with increased intrabdominal pressure. | Uterine prolapse |
| _________/_______ is bulging of the Anterior vaginal wall. Caused by protrusion of the urinary bladder through relaxed or weakened musculature. | Cystocele/cystourethrocele |
| ________ is a bulging of the Posterior vaginal wall of the vagina. Caused by protrusion of the intestinal contents through relaxed or weakened pelvic musculature. | Rectocele |
| _________ ________ or retention cyst is a mucous gland of the uterine cervix especially when occluding and dilated. Small white or purplish firm nodule that commonly appears on the cervix. Forms mucus. | Nabothian Cyst or retention cyst |
| ________ smear or PAP smear is a test for cervical cancer in which a smear of exfoliated cells is specifically stained and examined under a microscope for pathological changes. 3 areas are obtained. ECV _________, ________, _______ | Papanicolaou smear Endocerical Cervical scrape Vaginal Pool |
| With a gravid (pregnant cervix) there will be _________ discoloration of the cervix and vagina. _______ of the lower segment of the uterus in early pregnancy by the 7th week will occur. | Bluish discoloration softening |
| ______-_________ ___________ is a nonmalignant growth or tumor protruding from the mucous lining of the cervix. Observed at the cervical OS. | Endo-Cervical Polyp |
| _______ _________ is associated with aging and diminished vaginal lubrication. Itching, redness, and a thin | Atrophic vaginitis |
| _______ __________ (yeast or fungal) a common yeast like fungal organism (candida albicans). Presents itching redness swelling, has white curdy discharge and white patches that bleed when scraped off. Common after antibiotics. | Monilial vaginitis |
| ________ ___________ as a malodorous yellow green or grey discharge. Protozoal. Caused by a protozoan parasite that is sexually transmitted. Itching, burning, and a malodorous frothy, yellow green discharge are common. | Trichomonas vaginitis |
| _______ _______ infection is the most commonly reported disease in the US. Most are age 15-24. Considered underestimated due to the asymptomatic nature. | Chlamydia |
| ________ ________ presents with redness and a thin grey discharge. Diagnosis of vaginitis is confirmed with smears and cultures of vaginal secretions. Symptoms may not be concise or predictable. | Nonspecific Vaginitis |
| ______ _________ is soft warty papillomatous projection. Appear on or in the vaginal vestibule. HPV. Increases chances of cervical cancer. | Condyloma Acuminatum (Venereal Wart) |
| ________ _________ is a slightly raised moist flattened papule that appears on the labia or within the vaginal vestibule. A sign of secondary syphilis. | Condyloma latum |
| _______ _______ disease is acute or chronic inflammation of the pelvic cavity. Age __-__. Particulalry suppurative (discharge) lesions of the upper female genital tract. Movement hurts, feverish, can become systemic. Most commonly caused by STDs | Pelvic inflammatory disease 20-29 |
| _________ is endometrial tissue in abnormal locations like falopian tubes. Do not shed with menstruation but react to hormones. Cyclic problems. Family hx, early menarche, shortened menstrual cycles, period 7+ days. | Endometriosis |
| _____ __________ (___________) are common benign masses of myometrium. Frequently found as incidental findings on lumbar or pelvic x-ray. Symptoms are heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, back pain, frequent urination with incomplete voiding. | Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomas) |
Created by:
T1NWHSU