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Civics SOL 2 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (1.) What are the five fundamental political principles of the government? (SN) | Consent of the government, limited government, democracy, representative government, and rule of law. (C.L.D.R.R.) |
| (2.) What does "Consent of the government" mean? (SN) | People are the source of the government's power; popular sovereignty. |
| (3.) What does "Limited government" mean? (SN) | Limits are placed on the government's power; the government can only do what the people give it the power to do. |
| (4.)What does "Democracy" mean? (SN) | Rule by the people |
| (5.)What does "Representative government" mean? (SN) | We elect/ vote for officials/ representatives who make the laws for us. |
| (6.)What does "Rule of law" mean? (SN) | Everyone has to obey the law; no one is above the law. |
| (7.) Which early American document guaranteed the rights to Englishmen to colonists? (SN) | Charters of Virginia Co. of London |
| (8.) What document was written by George Mason and served as a model/ example for for the U.S. Bill of Rights? (SN) | Virginia Deceleration of Rights |
| (9.) What document by Thomas Jefferson and served as a model as a model for the First Amendment's freedom of religion? (SN) | Virginia Statue of Religious Freedom |
| (10.) Why is the Deceleration of Independence important? (SN) | Colonists declared their independence from England/Great Britain stated grievances against the King. All men are created equal. Unalienable rights that cannot be taken away –Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness. |
| (11.) What was the first plan of government for the U.S. and why did it fail? (SN) | Articles of Confederation --- weak central government, gave to much power to the states, Congress could not tax or enforce laws. |
| (12.) What is the preamble and what does it do? (SN) | Introduction to the U.S. Constitution; states the goals/ purposes of the government. |
| (13.) What is the written plan of government for the United States? (SN) | The U.S. Constitution |
| (14.) What is federalism? (SN) | Division of power between state and national governments. |
| (15.) What are powers set aside for states called? (SN) | Reserved Powers. |
| (16.) What happens if the U.S. law conflicts with a state law? (SN) | The U.S. law will overrule the state law. |
| (17.) What are implied powers? (SN) | Powers not explicitly named in the Constitution but assumed to exist due to their being necessary to implement the expressed powers that are named in Article |
| (18.) What are the powers the federal or state governments may NOT have? (SN) | They share the power of being able to: collect taxes, build roads, borrow money, establish courts, make and enforce laws, charter banks and corporations, spend money for the general welfare, and take private property for public. |
| (19.) What are powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution called? (SN) | Implied powers. |
| (20.) What are the three levels of Federal Courts? (SN) | District Courts, Circuit Courts, The Supreme Court. |
| (21.) What are the four levels of State Courts? (SN) | District Courts, Appellate Courts, Trial Courts, The Supreme Court |
| (22.) What is the process for bringing a Civil and Criminal case to trial. (SN) | ABAT- Arrest, Bail, Arraignment, and then Trial. |
| (23.) What group makes the laws for Virginia? (SN) | General Assembly |
| (24.) What is the lawmaking process? How does a bill become a law? (SN) | If a bill has passed in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate and has been approved by the President, or if a presidential veto has been overridden, the bill becomes a law and is enforced by the government. |
| (25.) What is a veto? (SN) | A constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body. |
| (26.) What is the role of a lobbyist? (SN) | Someone hired by a business or a cause to persuade legislators to support that business or cause. Lobbyists get paid to win favor from politicians. For example, oil companies send lobbyists to Washington to try to make life easier for oil companies. |
| (27.) What does the executive branch include? (SN) | The executive branch includes the Vice President and other officials, such as members of the cabinet. The cabinet is made up of the heads of the 15 major departments of the government. |
| (28.) What is due process and where is it mentioned in the U.S. Constitution? (SN) | Due process is the fair treatment through the normal Judicial Branch, it comes from both the 5th and 14th amendments. |
| (29.) What is the legislative branch of the local government? (SN) | Board of Supervisors, City/Town Council. |
| (30.) What positions does the VA Constitution require local governments to elect? (SN) | Sheriff; Clerk of Court; Commissioner of Revenue; Treasurer. |
| (31.) What is the role of the media in elections? (SN) | Identify candidates; emphasize selected issues; write editorials, create political cartoons, publish op-ed pieces, broadcast different points of view. |
| (32.) What are the primary responsibilities of the national government versus state? (SN) | National Government - foreign policy, regulating commerce, providing national defense -- State Governments - Public health, education, environment, budget, revenue. |
| (33.) Describe the National Legislative Branch (SN) | Congress - Bicameral - House of Representatives and Senate makes laws - Senate approves treaties and president's appointments. |
| (34.) How does the executive branch influence policy making? (SN) | President/ Governor suggest ideas for laws in the State of the Union (State of Common Wealth) speech, appoint officials to carry out laws, appeals directly to the people, approve/veto bills. |
| (35.) What is judicial review? (SN) | The Supreme Court's power to determine if a law is constitutional or not, judicial branch's power to interpret laws. |
| (36.) Which Supreme Court case established the idea of judicial review? (SN) | Marbury vs. Madison. |
| (37.) Describe the system of checks and balances. Give examples. (SN) | Each of the 3 branches can check the power of the other branches. The president ( executive ) can veto bills (legislative). Congress ( legislative ) can impeach the president ( executive ).Supreme Court ( judicial ) can declare a law unconstitutional. |
| (38.) What are the qualifications to vote? (SN) | Age 18, citizen, resident of state, registered. |
| (39.) What factors determine who is more likely to vote? (SN) | People tend to vote more in presidential elections or if the issues matter to them, age, education, income. |
| (40.) What are PACs and what do they do? (SN) | Political Action Committees; they collect voluntary donations (money) from individuals and give them to candidates. |
| (41.) What are functions of political parties? (SN) | To recruit and nominate candidates; monitor the actions of off ice holders, most importantly - to win elections. |
| (42.) How do third person differ from major parties? (SN) | Third parties rarely win elections but they introduce new ideas or center around a famous person. |
| (43.) What are the major political parties and how are they different from each other? (SN) | Republicans and Democrats. They both differ in their way of role in the government, their differences stated in their campaigns and promotions. |
| (44.) How has the high cost of getting elected changed campaigning for public office? (SN) | The candidates have to spend more money for fundraising and promotions, leaning more towards those who have higher wealth than others. The cost also increases the influence of special interest groups PACs, who give money to candidates to get elected. |
| (45.) Explain how the electoral college works. (SN) | The electoral college elects the President. Electors are chosen by individuals' popular vote; The # of electors per state is determined by the congress members (state population). Candidates must win 270 electoral votes (majority) to become president. |
| (46.) What are magistrates? (SN) | People who issue search warrants, subpoenas, arrest warrants, and other court paper. |
| (47.) What is the difference between original and appellate jurisdiction? (SN) | Original: The first court to hear the case. - Appellate: Hears the case on review/ appeal. |
| (48.) Who heads the executive branch at each three levels of government? (SN) | Local: Mayor, State: Governor, National: President |
| (49.) Who nominates and confirms Supreme Court Justices? (SN) | The President nominates and The Senate confirms/ approves the choice. |
| (50.) What did Brown vs. Board of Education say? (SN) | That segregation is illegal; the court then ordered desegregation/ integration of schools; Plessy vs. Ferguson "Separate but equal" was overturned. |
| (51.) What is our national legislature called? (SN) | The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. |
| (52.) What does bicameral mean? (SN) | Having two branches or two chambers. |
| (53.) None of the 3 branches of government is stronger than one another due to the system of ______. (SN) | Checks and Balances. |
| (54.) What are the two houses of Congress called? (SN) | The Senate and the House of Representatives. |
| (55.) How is representation determined in the House of Representatives? (SN) | Representation of each Territory in the House of Representatives is to be determined by dividing the population of each Territory by the quota determined for the States |
| (56.) What are the roles of the President and the Governor? (SN) | Chief of state, Chief of party, Chief executive, Commander-in-chief, Chief diplomat, Chief legislator, and Chief citizen. |
| (57.) What is the name of the President's annual speech to Congress? (SN) | State of the Union Address ( In which they suggests ideas for the laws ). |
| (58.) What are the 3 branches of government and what do they do? (SN) | Legislative: Makes laws/ passes laws. - Executive: Executes/ enforces laws - Judicial: Interprets laws - |
| (59.) What are the units of the local government? (SN) | Country, city, and town. |
| (60.) What is the difference between civil and criminal law? (SN) | Criminal law deals with illegal acts called crimes and civil law deals with disputes/ disagreements over over money/ property. |
| (61.) What courts have jury trials? (SN) | Federal level: U.S. District - State level: Circuit Court |
| (62.) What freedoms are guaranteed by the first amendment to the U.S. Constitution? (SN) | Speech, Religion, Petition, Assembly, and Press. |
| (63.) How are amendments added to the U.S. Constitution? (SN) | They are proposed by Congress and ratified/ approved by 3/4 of the states. |
| (64.) How can the Constitution of Virginia be amended? (SN) | It would be proposed by the General Assembly and ratified by Virginia voters. |
| (65.) How does an individual become a U.S. citizen? (SN) | Birth or naturalization. |
| (66.) What are the steps involved in naturalization? (SN) | Speak, read, and write English; knowledge of U.S. history; oath to U.S. |
| (67.) What are the duties of citizenship? (SN) | Obey laws, pay taxes, serve in the military or in court if asked. |
| (68.) What is your #1 civic responsibility? What are some responsibilities of a citizen? (SN) | Voting, be informed, volunteer, and respect others. |
| (69.) How do citizens demonstrate thoughtful and effective participation in civic life? (SN) | Ask (formulate) questions, analyze information, express a position, devise/ implement a plan. |
| (70.) What does, "separation of power" mean? (SN) | 3 separate/ distinct branches of government, with their own powers. |
| (71.) Which officials are locally elected? (SN) | Treasurer, commissioner of revenue, sheriff, and clerk of circuit court. |
| (72.) Which powers do local governments exercise? (SN) | Enforce laws, public health, safety, education, environment, land use, and collect taxes. |
| (73.) How do localities enact ordinances? (SN) | Board of Supervisors pass laws and individuals have influence. |
| (74.) How do individuals and interest groups influence public policy? (SN) | By voting, campaigning, lobbying, writing letters, protesting, and joining an interest group. |
| (75.) Which international issues would require local government officials to act? (SN) | Public health, safety, and economic development. |
| (76.) What are the 3 basics economic questions all societies must answer? (SN) | What goods and services should be produced? How should the goods and services be produced? Who should get the goods and services? |
| (77.) What does "scarcity" mean? (SN) | The state of being scarce or in short supply, shortage. |
| (78.) Name and describe the 4 major economics systems? (SN) | Traditional Economic System, Command Economic System, Market Economic System, and the Mixed Economic System. |
| (79.) What type of economy does the United States have? (SN) | Mixed Economic System |
| (80.) What are the 5 essential characteristics of the United States Economy? (SN) | Mixed economy, Consumer sovereignty, Competition Private Property, Free market, and Profit. |
| (81.) Describe what "choice" and "opportunity cost" mean in the U.S. economy. (SN) | Choice: An economic principle that assumes that individuals always make prudent and logical decisions that provide them with the greatest benefit. Oppurunity Cost: The loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen |
| (82.) Define "price" and explain how it is determined in the U.S. economy. (SN) | The amount of money expected, required, or given in payment for something. |
| (83.) Name and explain the 4 resources or factors of production. (SN) | Land, Labor, Capital, and Entrepreneurship. |
| (84.) Define incentives. (SN) | A thing that motivates someone to do something. |
| (85.) Define Supply and Demand. (SN) | The amount of commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it, considered as factors regulating the price. |
| (86.) Describe production and consumption. (SN) | Production-the action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the process of being so manufactured. - Consumption- The using up of a resource. |
| (87.) List and describe the 3 basic types of business ownership in the U.S. (SN) | Partnerships- Involving two or more parties -- Sole Proprietorship- One person owning and operating -- Corporations- Separate owners with legal authority. |
| (88.) How do individuals/ households, businesses/producers and the government interact in the U.S. economy? (SN) | Since the resources from other companies can be used with another, which can lead to producing many other items that could be traded off with other businesses. All the currency and good circling continuously. |
| (89.) What are private financial institutions and what do they do? (SN) | Private (shareholder-owned) or public (government-owned) organizations that, broadly speaking, act as a channel between savers and borrowers of funds (suppliers and consumers of capital). |
| (90.) What is the role of the Federal Reserve System? (SN) | It is the central bank of the United States. |
| (91.) What is the role of the U.S. government in protecting consumer rights and property rights? (SN) | Individuals have the right of private ownership, which is protected by contracts that are enforceable by law. Government agencies made guidelines that protect public health and safety. Consumers may take legal action against violations of consumer rights. |
| (92.) Which amendment gave the government the authority to tax personal incomes of citizens? (SN) | The Sixteenth Amendment |
| (93.) How do financial institutions encourage saving and investing? (SN) | By providing interest on deposits. |
| (94.) What are public goods and services? (SN) | A job/ occupation that provides items needed or wanted from consumers. |
| (95.) How do governments produce public goods and services? (SN) | Since many services have to produce the goods other services/ consumers need/want. |
| (96.) How does the government influence economic activity? (SN) | By creating and producing new inventions/goods that can benefit consumers. |
| (97.) How does the United States government promote and regulate competition? (SN) | By enforcing antitrust legislation to discourage the development of monopolies, engaging in global trade, and Supporting business start-ups. |
| (98.) Name and describe 3 executive branch government agencies that regulate businesses. (SN) | The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), International Trade Commission (ITC), and the Postal Regulatory Commission (PRC). |
| (99.) Why does Virginia and the United States trade with other nations. (SN) | So we can gain resources that we do not have in our own country and even build a good/healthy relationship with other nations. |
| (100.) What is the impact of technological innovation on world trade? (SN) | Innovations in technology (e.g., the Internet) contribute to the global flow of information, capital, goods, and services. Also the use of such technology also lowers the cost of production. |
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