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Carnegie geriatrics
geriatrics quiz #2 review MA Winter 2015
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Suggestions for helping older adults with mobility, dexterity, and balance | use assistive devices:adaptive silverware, tub seat or shower chair, electric razor, reaching devices. Assist with gripping devices as needed. Older adults may need more time to complete tasks but prefer to do so independently, so slow down. |
| Suggestions for helping older adults with mobility, dexterity, and balance | support stroke victims on weak side when walking or transferring from chair to exam table. Physical therapy for range of motion exercises, encourage activity |
| signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease | repeatedly asking same questions, inability to remember common words we're mixing up words, inability to complete simple tasks and miss placing items, lost when driving, sudden mood swings, difficulty following simple directions |
| first stage of Alzheimer's disease | mild AD occurs during 2-4 yrs leading up to diagnosis,memory loss affects job performance, confusion and disorientation.mood or personality changes, difficulty making decisions and paying bills, gets lost easily, withdraws from others, loses things. |
| what happens to peristalsis as we age? | decreases, contributes to constipation, difficulty swallowing, slow digestion |
| how do you improve peristalsis? | drink plenty of water, increase physical activity, high fiber diet |
| send mucous membrane lining in stomach | increases the risk for ulcers |
| decreased liver function | increases risk of adverse reactions to drugs, side effects |
| left body fluids | dehydration can happen very easily nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, very dangerous for an elderly person |
| changes in the skin that increase the fragility of elderly skin | dermis thins, decreased collagen, decreased subcutaneous fat feeling cold, skin cells take longer to regenerate for repair and replacement |
| decreased sweat and oil production | drier skin, more likely to overheat |
| nails | get thicker and more brittle and ridged |
| overall body hair | thins and greys |
| bruise | more easily |
| decreased function of pain receptors | higher pain threshold, can tolerate more pain, might not feeling injury |
| overall decrease in bone mass result in | loss of height, increased risk of fracture |
| excessive bone loss equals | osteoporosis |
| how does overall bone decrease in bone mass occur | phone compressed down on themselves, especially the vertebrae in the spine |
| intervertebral discs get thinner | contributes to decreased height |
| muscle cells decrease in size which | decrease is strange and range of motion |
| space is replaced by fat and fibrous tissue which | doesn't contract, decreases strength |
| muscle fibers are stiffer, less elastic which | decreases range of motion |
| tendons and ligaments atrophy and get stiffer which | decreases range of motion |
| synovial fluid equals | joint fluid |
| synovial fluid gets thicker which | decreases range of motion, increases risk of osteoarthritis, joint stiffness |
| ticular cartilage gets thinner which leads to | joint stiffness, decreases ROM, increases risk of osteoarthritis |
| maintaining good physical activity is important to | increase range of motion and keep muscle strong |
| decreased brain mass | neurons shrink from fluid losses |
| dendrite shrink in size which leads to | decreased transmission of electrical impulses, difficulty retrieving information, lower learning |
| ADL | activities of daily living |
| risk factors of dementia | HTN, DM, heart disease, high stress levels, instead sedentary lifestyles and lack of social interactions, smoking and substance abuse, severe loss of intellectual ability |
| treatment of dementia | medications, safety assessment, nutrition assessment, ability to carry out ADLs, caregiver stress |
| dementia is assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination | would be done in the office first before a diagnosis or treatment plan, takes about 5 minutes |
| What contributes to elderly skin getting more fragile? | Decrease thickness of collagen in dermis, decrease in sub-Q fat, slow regeneration of skin cells. |
| Makes post-menstrual women more likely to develop osteoporosis | Small boned, thin body type; decreased estrogen levels; smoking |
| Your patient is in stage 2 of alzheimer's disease. which of the following behaviors most likely signify stage 2? | Asking the same question repeatedly |
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ma2b
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