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Historical Astronomy

Unit 9

TermDefinition
Ptolemy Developed the geocentric (earth centered) model of the universe
Copernicus Developed the heliocentric (sun centered) model the universe
Geocentric Model Earth is the center of the universe and everything revolves around it
Heliocentric Model Sun is the center of the universe and everything revolves around it
Johannes Kepler Developed three laws of planetary motion
Kepler's 1st Law Planets' orbits are elliptical (not circles)
Kepler's 2nd Law Planets closer to the sun travel faster
Kepler's 3rd Law Planets farther from the sun take longer to go around (orbit) the sun
Galileo Used the telescope to make observations; observed mountains and craters on the moon, discovered 4 of Jupiter's moons, saw the phases of Venus, & described sunspots
Isaac Newton Explained the forces of gravity and inertia
Gravity Force of attraction between two objects; gravity is determined by mass and distance
Inertia Objects in motion stay in motion; used to explain why objects with gravitational attraction don't crash into one another
Hubble Showed that the universe is constantly expanding
Cosmology The study of the origins, structure, and future of the universe
Big Bang Theory Theory that the universe began with an incredible explosion
Rotation A planet turning on its axis (creates a night & day cycle)
Revolution A plant moving around the sun (creates years)
Orbit A planet's path around the sun
Ellipse The oval shape of a planet's orbit
Causes of Seasons Seasons on Earth are caused by the Earth's tilt. When the North Pole tilts toward the sun, it is summer; when the North Pole tilts away from the sun, it is winter.
Phases of the Moon The changing appearance of the moon caused by the positions of the sun, Earth, and moon in space.
Moon Phases (in order beginning with New) new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent, new
Waxing When the moon's appearance seems to be growing (occurs after the new moon)
Waning When the moons appearance seems to be shrinking (occurs after the full moon)
Solar Eclipse When the shadow of the moon falls on the Earth (occurs during the new moon phase)
Lunar Eclipse When the shadow the Earth falls on the moon (occurs during the full moon phase)
Telescope An instrument that gathers light from objects in space and concentrates it for better observation.
Space Probe An uncrewed vehicle (no people) that carries scientific instruments to planets of other bodies in space.
Artificial Satellites A human-made object placed in orbit around a body in space.
Created by: jeffsingleton
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