Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Spinal Cord
The Nervous System- Spinal Cord
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Spinal Cord | Descends from the Medulla Oblongata thru Foramen Magnum Passes thru the vertebral canal to level of 2nd lumbar vertebra |
| Conus Medullaris | Terminal portion of the spinal cord |
| Filum Terminale | Fibrous extension of the pia mater anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx |
| Denticulate ligaments | Delicate shelves of pia mater attached to the spinal to the vertebrae |
| Spinal Nerves | 31 pairs attached to the cord by paired roots |
| Cervical and lumbar enlargements | sites where nerves serving the upper and lower limbs emerge |
| Cauda E/qui/na | Collection of nerve roots which extend at the inferior end of the vertebral canal |
| Spinal Cord | Has gray matter in the form of an "H" and white matter arrahged in colums |
| Gray Matter(myelinated axons) in Spinal Cord | Internal and Butterfly shaped= Areas of communication between one myelinated neuron to another myelinated neuron |
| Central Canal of the Spinal Cord | Contains cerebrospinal fluid |
| Anterior(Ventral) Horn (front of the "H") | Somatic motor neurons (goes down the front) (cell bodies outside the spinal) |
| Posterior(Dorsal) Horn (back of the"H") | Mostly sensory & (Visceral) sends information to and from out internal organs (cell bodies inside the spinal cord) |
| 3 Columns on each side of the spinal cord | Anterior, Posterior and Lateral Column. Columns are composed of several nerve tract |
| White matter surrounding the gray matter in the Spinal Cord | myelinated axons with similar function as gray matter |
| Ascending (sensory) Tracts (crosses over at the spinal cord) | Takes information up the spinal cord (from skin receptors travel thru the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex) |
| Descending (motor) Tracts (crosses over at the Medulla Oblongata) | Takes information down the spinal cord (from the cerebral cortex cross over at the medulla and travel to the spinal cord out to muscles) |
| Anatomy of the PNS | A nerve arranged similarly to a muscle with fascicles and connective tissues inside |
| Endoneurium | The innermost layer of connective tissue in a peripheral nerve, forming an interstitial layer around each individual fiber outside the |
| Epineurium | The outermost layer of connective tissue of a peripheral nerve |
| Perineurium | Intermediate layer of connective tissue in a peripheral nerve, surrounding each bundle of nerve fibers |
| Types of Nerves | Sensory- Afferent only Motor- Efferent only Mixed- Both |
| Cranial Nerve | 12 pairs of cranial nerves attached directly to the brain. Can be classified as sensory, motor or both |
| Ganglia | Groups of neuron cell bodies |
| Olfactory Nerve (CN I) Sensory | Sensory for Smell |
| Optic Nerve (CN II) Sensory | Sensory for Vision |
| Oculonotor Nerve (CN III) Motor | Motor for eye movement |
| Trochlear Nerve (IV) Motor | Motor for eye movement |
| Trigeminal Nerve (V) Both | Sensory for pain, touch, and temperature for the eye and lower and upper jaw. Motor for muscles for chewing |
| Abducens Nerve (VI) Motor | Motor for eye movement |
| Facial Nerve (VII) Both | Sensory for taste |
| Auditory Nerve (VIII) Sensory | Sensory for hearing and equilibrium |
| Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) Both | Sensory for taste Motor for swallowing |
| Vagus Nerve (X) Both | Sensory and motor for organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| Accessory Nerve (XI) Motor | Motor for trapezius, sternocleidomastoid and muscles of the larynx |
| Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) Motor | Motor for tongue |
| Spinal Nerve (PNS) | 31 pairs of spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord by dorsal(sensory) and ventral(motor) roots |
| Dermatomes | each sensory nerve is responsible for sending the messages from a specific area of the skin |
| Autonomic Nervous System | helps maintain our internal conditions. In the PNS is subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisons |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Effects cardiac muscle, smooh muscle and glands Uses involuntary reflexes. Most organs are innervated by both: except sweat glands and blood vessels Sypathetic only |
| Sympathetic Divison (Fight or Flight) | Has a chain of Ganglia and prepares the body for physical activity |
| Chain Ganglia | Area of cell bodies on either side of the spinal cord (where areas talk to eachother to have involuntary responses) |
| Parasympathetic (calms you back down) | Sends messages for everyday body maintenance functions such as digestion and elimination of waste. |
| Ganglia in Parasympatheic Divison | Is close to the organ that there serving. more on taking care of each individual organ |
| Nerve Impulses | A nerve impulses starts as an electrical impulse that travels down the neuron and results in the release of a chemical neurotransmitter at the synaptic knob |
| Resting Membrance Potential | The basis for a nerve impulse and must be maintained |
| Polarized Membrane (cell membrane) | The outside is the positive and the inside is negative |
| Depolarization | Sodium flows into the cell. The cell becomes more positive |
| Repolarization | Potassium flows out of the cell. The call becomes more negative |
| Local Potential | Starts at the dendrites and travels toward the trigger zone. At the dendrites it is graded |
| Graded | Strength determined by the amount of ion flow |
| Decrimental | Effects decrease with distance |
| Reversible | Returns to normal after simulation |
| Excitatory or Inhibitory | Can result in Depolarization or Hypopolarization(way polarized) |
| Action Potential | Travels from the trigger zone to the synaptic knob. stimulas has to be all or nothing. are not graded, decrimental or reversible. Myelination helps action potential speed singal to go as fast as it can down |
| Reflexes | An involuntary predictable motor response to a stimulas without conscious thought |
| Reflex Arc | Involve a receptor, an afferent sensory neuron, an integration center in the CNS, an efferent motor neuron and a effector |
| Afferent Neuron (sensory) | A neuron that has an action potential carrying the signal to the CNS |
| Integating Canter | Either the brain or spinal cord |
| Efferent Neuron (motor) | A neuron that has an action potential carrying a signal away from the CNS |
| Effector | The structure causing the effect |
| Skeletal Muscle | Somatic Reflex |
| Galnd, Smooth Muscle or Cardiac Muscle | Autonomic Reflex |
| Nutritional Requirement | Sodium and potassium are needed thru out life to maintain resting membrane potential. Fat is necessary in the diet especially children ensures proper myelination of devloping neurons |
| Aging of CNS | Cognitive ability increases in the young, remains stable in adulthood and declines in old age |
Created by:
myrnasGirl3
Popular Anatomy sets