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American History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Faction | a small, organized, dissenting group within a larger one, especially in politics. |
| Pluralism | Constitution envision of a plurality of groups competing with each other |
| Open Shop | Workers cannot be required to join a union as a condition of employment. |
| Free Rider | when a person benefits from the work or service of an organization like a union without joining or contributing to it. |
| Nongovernmental organization | Nonprofit groups that operate outside the institutions of government but often pursue public policy objectives and lobby governments are another type of foreign policy interest groups. |
| Lobbyist | efforts by individuals or groups to inform and influence public officials. |
| Soft Money | Money raised in unlimited amounts by political parties for party-building purposes. |
| Issue advocacy | Promoting a particular position or an issue paid for by interest groups or individuals but no candidates. |
| Lobbying | is the act of attempting to influence decisions made by government officials |
| Revolving door | Moving from government job to a job with an interest group or vice versia |
| Patronage | The ability to select party members as public officials or judges. given from control of the white house, governor's mansion or city hall |
| Honeymoon | The period at the beginning of a new president's term during which the president enjoys generally positive relations with press and congress, usually last about six months |
| Caucus | A meeting of local party members to choose party officals or candidates for public office and to decide the platform |
| proportional representation | An election system in which each party running receives the proportion of legislative seats corresponding to its proportion of the votes |
| Realigning election | An election during periods of expanded suffrage and change in the economy and society that proves to be a turning point, redefining the agenda of politics and the alignment of voters within parties |
| National Party Convention | A national meeting of delegates elected in primaries caucuses, or state conventions who assemble once every four years to nominate candidates for president and vice president, ratify the party platform, elect officers, and adopt rules. |
| Dealignment | weakening of partisan performances that point to a rejection of both major parties and a rise in the number of independents |
| Hard Money | Political contributions given to a party, candidate or interest group that are limited in amount and fully disclosed. |
| Party independent expenditures | Spending by political party committees that is independent of the candidate. |
| Selective exposure | The process by which individuals screen out messages that do not conform to their own biases |
| Attentive Public | citizens who follow public affairs carefully |
| Public Opinion | The distribution of individuals preferences for or evaluations of a given issue, candidate, or institution within a specific population |
| Random sample | In this type of sample,every individual has a known and equal chance of being selected. |
| Latency | Public opinions that are held but not yet expressed |
| Manifest Opinon | A widely shared and consciously held view, such as support for abortion rights or for homeland security. |
| Salience | An individual's belief that an issue is important or relevant to him or her. |
| Party Identification | An Informal and subjective affiliation with a political party that most people acquire in childhood. |
| Prospective issue voting | Voting based on what a candidate pledges to do in the future about an issue if elected |
| Retrospective issue voting | Holding incumbents, usually the president's party, responsible for their records on issues, such as the economy or foreign policy. |
| Electoral College | The Electoral system used in electing the president and vice president, in which voters vote for electors pledged to cast their ballots for a particular party's candidates |
| safe seat | An elected office that is predictably won by one party or the other, so the success of that party's candidate is almost taken for granted. |
| Name recognition | Incumbents have an advantage over challengers in election campaigns because voters are more familiar with them and incumbents are more recognizable |
| Independent expenditures | The supreme Court has ruled that individuals, groups and parties can spend unlimited amounts in campaigns for or against candidates as long as they operate independently from the candidate. |
| Mass Media | Means of communication that reach the public, including newspaper and magazines, radio, television (broadcast, cable and satellite), films recordings, books, and electronic communications. |
| News Media | Media that emphasize the news |
| Political socialization | The process-most notably in families and schools-by which we develop our political attitudes, values and beliefs. |
| Selective perception | The process by which individuals perceive what in media messages. |
| Horse race | A close contest; by extension, any contest in which the focus is on who is ahead and by how much rather than on substantive differences between the candidates. |
Created by:
palmerrg
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