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Earth Science

CA review 3rd quarter

QuestionAnswer
What two elements make up the earth's atmosphere? Nitrogen and Oxygen
What can water vapor in the atmosphere become? Clouds and rain
When water changes from gas to a liquid due to cooling it is called what? Condensation
What do we call tiny particles (dust, pollen) in atmosphere that help form clouds? Condensation nuclei
What is the type of cloud formation when moist winds are lifted over mountains? Orographic lifting
The temperature to which air must be cooled reach saturation is called what? Dew point
What do we call the effect of the rotation of the earth's effect on Global wind patterns? Coriolis effect
What basic wind system impacts weather in Missouri? Prevailing Westerlies
What causes weak winds at the Horse latitudes (30*)? Sinking air
What kind of front is cold, dense air that replaces warm air? cold front
What kind of front is advancing warm air that displaces cold air? warm front
What two factors determine relative humidity? Air temperature and water vapor
What three things are required for thunderstorms to form? moisture, unstable atmosphere, rising air
what kind of weather do you associate with low pressure systems? cloudy
What is latent heat? Heat stored in water vapor released during condensation
What do we call an extremely powerful thunderstorm that has intense rotating updrafts? Super cells
What time of year do Tornadoes typically occur and why? Spring, greatest difference in temperatures between polar and tropical air masses
What causes the intense updrafts and downdrafts that are present in severe thunderstorms? Unstable air caused by temperature differences between upper and lower part of a storm
What causes lightning? Electricity caused by rapid rush of air in a cumulonimbus cloud
What three factors are needed for hurricanes to form? Warm ocean water, low pressure disturbance, release of latent heat
What is a storm surge? Mound of water driven towards coast by high winds (such as a hurricane)
What is the sequence of hurricane development? Tropical disturbance, depression, storm, hurricane
What is wind chill factor? When the effects of cold air are worsened by the strength of the wind
What conditions would threaten human health and safety in regards to Heat Index? Continental, 95* heat, above 60% relative humidity
What do we call the circular rising and falling of hot and cold air? Convection
What causes Sea breeze thunderstorms? cool moist air from water meets warmer air on land
The method of heat transfer that brings us energy from the sun? Radiation
What type of climate is located in between the polar and tropical zones and is characterized as having violent weather changes with extreme summer and winter temperatures Continental
Two climates at the same latitude may differ due to what factor? Proximity (how close they are) to water
What kind of temperatures may you see when there is a cycle of low sunspot activity Cold temperatures
When earth's orbit is elliptical it comes closer to the sun. What effect does this have on average temperatures? Warmer temperatures
Volcanic eruptions that put large amounts of dust into the air and blocking energy from the sun would have what effect on global temperatures? cooler/lower temperatures
The amount of energy that the atmosphere absorbs is affected by what gas? Carbon Dioxide
When we burn fossil fuels, how does that effect global temperatures? Global warming, energy from sun is trapped and reflected back to earth
If global warming continues, what is expected to happen Average global temperatures will continue to increase
What is the expected outcome on sea levels if Global warming continues? Sea levels will rise
Created by: ballengere
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