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Chapter 17

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Continental drift Wegener's hypothesis that Earth's continents were joined as a single land mass, called Pangaea, that broke apart about 200 mya and slowly moved to their present positions.
Pangaea ancient landmass made up of all the continents that began to break apart about 200 mya.
isochron imaginary line on a areas of equal pressure.
magnetic reversal when Earth's magnetic field changes polarity between normal and reversed.
magnetometer device used to map the ocean floor that detects small changes in magnetic fields.
paleomagnetism study of Earth's magnetic record using data gathered from iron-bearing minerals in rocks that have recorded the orientation of Earth's magnetic field at the time of their formation.
seafloor spreading the hypothesis that new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at deep-sea trenches; occurs in a continuous cycle of magma intrusion and spreading.
convergent boundary a place where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other; is associated with trenches, islands, arcs, and folded mountains.
divergent boundary place where two of Earth's tectonic plates are moving apart; is associated with volcanism, earthquakes, and high heat flow, and is found primarily on the seafloor.
rift valley long narrow depression that forms when continental crust begins to separate at a divergent boundary.
subduction process by which one tectonic plate slides beneath another tectonic plate.
tectonic plate huge pieces of Earth's crust that covers its surface and fit together at their edges.
transform boundary place where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other; is characterized by long faults and shallow earthquakes.
ridge push tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs when the weight of an elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate toward a subduction zone.
slab pull tectonic process associated with convection currents in Earth's mantle that occurs as the weight of the subducting plate pulls the trailing lithosphere into a subduction zone.
Created by: kindredmcdaniel
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