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Care of the Surgical Patient
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ablation | An amputation of excision of any part of the body or removal of a growth or harmful substance. |
| Anethesia | An unawareness/feeling of pain |
| Atelectasis | An abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of lung tissue |
| Cachexia | Ill health, malnutrition, and wasting as a result of chronic disease |
| Catabolism | Tissue breakdown |
| Dehiscence | The seperation of a surgical or rupture of a wound closure |
| Drainage | The removal of fluids from a body cavity, wound, or other source |
| Embolus | A dislodged thrombus |
| Evisceration | The protrusion of an internal organ through a wound r surgical incision |
| Exudates | Substances that have slowly seeped from cells or blood vessels through small pores or breaks in cell membranes |
| Incentive spirometry (IS) | A respiratory device used at the bedside at regular intervals to encourage the patient to breathe deeply |
| Incision | Cuts produced surgically by a sharp instrument to create an opening into an organ or space in the body |
| Infarct | A localized area of necrosis |
| Informed Consent | Permission obtained from the patient to perform a specific test or procedure |
| Palliative | Therapy designed to relieve or reduce intensity of uncomfortable symptoms without cure |
| Singultus | An involuntary contraction of the diaphragm followed by rapid closure of the glottis (hiccup) |
| Surgical Asepsis | Protection against infection before, during, or after surgery by the use of sterile technique |
| Thrombus | An accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and cellular elements of the blood attached to the wall of a vessel |
| Name 3 admission status types | Ambulatory (outpatient), Same-day admit, and Inpatient |
| Name 7 influencing factors for perioperative nursing | Age, Physical Condition, Nutritional factors, Psychosocial needs, socioeconomic and cultural needs, medications and education and experience |
| What is a short stay unit? | department or floor where a patients stay does not exceed 24 hours |
| What does outpatient mean? | patient, not hospitalized, who is being treated; individual is admitted either to a short-stay unit or directly to the surgical suite |
| What is a short-stay surgical center? (surgicenter) | independently owned agency; surgery performed when overnight hospitalization is not required |
| What requires that a patient provide informed consent before having a specific test or surgery? | Patient Bill of Rights |
| What is established by the patient's signing the consent form? | The patient is competent and agrees to have procedure that is stated on consent form |
| What four elements are required information provided to the patient before a procedure? | (1)Information is to be clear (2) the risks explained (3) Expected benefits identified (4) consequences or alternatives for the presenting problem stated |
| By signing the consent, to what has the witness attested? | Verifying that this is the person who signed the consent and that it was a voluntary consent. |
| Under what circumstances should informed consent NOT be obtained? | If patient is disoriented, unconscious, mentally incompetent, or under the influence of sedatives. |
| What is done in the event of an emergency when the patient is unable to give informed consent? | Every effort to locate family members to assume this reponsiblility. Occasionally telephone permission may be obtained. With verbal consent follow hospital guidelines. |
| What should be done if the patient does not understand the procedure or reports discrepancies from what he was told by the physician? | Allow additional time to explain procedure; interpreter may be necessary. Contact the physician and indicate that the patient does NOT understand procedure. |
| Classifications of surgical procedure according to: SERIOUSNESS are (2)? | Major and Minor |
| Classifications of surgical procedure according to: URGENCY are (3) | Elective, Urgent and Emergency |
| Classifications of surgical procedure according to: PURPOSE are(6) | Diagnostic, Ablation, Constructive, Reconstructive, Palliative and Transplant |
| Example of "MAJOR" surgical procedures? (description) | Involves extensive reconstruction or alteration in body parts; poses great risks to well-being (i.e.: coronary artery bypass, colon resection, gastric resection) |
| Example of "MINOR" surgical procedures? (description) | Involves minimal alteration in body parts; often designed to correct deformities; involves minimal risks compared with those of major procedures (i.e.: cataract extraction, skin graft, tooth extraction) |
| Example of "ELECTIVE" surgical procedures? (description) | Performed on basis of patient's choice (i.e.: bunionectomy, plastic surgery) |
| Example of "URGENT" surgical procedures? (description) | Necessary for patient's health(i.e.: excision of cancerous tumor, removal of gallbladder for stones, vascular repair for obstructed artery (ie:coronary artery bypass) |
| Example of "EMERGENCY" surgical procedures? (description) | Must be done immediately to save life or preserve function of body part (i.e.: perforated appendix, repair of traumatic amputation, control of internal hemorrhaging) |
| Example of "DIAGNOSTIC" surgical procedures? (description) | Surgical exploration that allows physician to confirm diagnosis; may involve removal of tissue for further diagnostic testing (i.e.: exploratory laparotomy, breast mass biopsy) |
| Example of "ABLATION" surgical procedures? (description) | Excision or removal of diseased body part (i.e.: removal of appendix, amputation, cholecystecomy) |
| Example of "CONSTRUCTIVE" surgical procedures? (description) | Restores function lost or reduced as result of congenital anomalies (i.e.: repair of cleft palate, closure of atrial-septal defect in heart) |
| Example of "RECONSTRUCTIVE" surgical procedures? (description) | Restores function or appearance to traumatized or malfunctioning of tissue (i.e.: internal fixation of fractures, scar revision, breast reconstuction) |
| Example of "TRANSPLANT" surgical procedures? (description) | Replaces malfuntioning organs (i.e.: cornea, hearts, joints, kidney) |
| Example of "PALLIATIVE" surgical procedures? (description) | Relieves or reduces intensity of disease symptoms; will not produce cure (i.e.: colostomy, debridement of necrotic tissue) |
| Anastomosis | Surgica joining of two ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one to another; to bypass an area |
| -ectomy | Surgical removal of |
| Lysis | Destruction of dissolution of |
| -orrhaphy | Surgical repair of |
| -oscopy | Direct visualization by a scpe |
| -ostomy | Opening is made to allow the passage of drainage |
| -pexy | Fixation of |
| -plasty | Plastic surgery |
| What does "Inpatient" mean? | Patient hospitalized for surgery |
| What does "One-day (same-day surgery) mean? | Patient is admitted the day surgery is scheduled and dismissed the same day |
| What are the 3 phases of Perioperative Nursing? | Preopertative, intraopertative, and postpertative |
| What 3 catagories is LATEX classified into? | Irritant reaction and types IV and I allergic reactions |
| Which one is the true allergic reaction? (latex) | Type I allergic reaction |
| What is Type IV allergic reaction? (latex) | a cell-mediated response to the chemical irritants found in latex products |
| Factors influencing the diagnosis of risk for latex allergies are? | the person's susceptability and the route, duration and frequency of latex exposure |
| What is Type I allergic reaction? (latex) | an IgE-mediated systemic reaction that occurs when latex proteins are touched, inhaled or ingested |
| What are the 4 primary purposes for an IS (Incentive Spirometer) | (1) to prevent or treat atelectasis (2) to improve lung expansion (3) to improve oxygenation (4) to prevent postop pneumonia |
| Surgeries for which "coughing" is contraindicatiod or modified? | Intracranial, eye, ear, nose, throat and spinal |
| Interventions associated with the ABCs of immediate recovery: | A-AirwayB-BreathingC-ConsciousnessC-CirculationS-System review |
| Know how to teach and instruct patients on how to: | turning, coughing, deep breathing and leg exercises |
Created by:
chulitachorty26
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