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A&P.mart.cardio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| blood purpose | transportation of gases, nutrients, hormones & metabolic waste; regulation of pH & Ions; restriction of fluid losses at injury sites; defense against toxins & pathogens; stabilization of temperature |
| plasma | unique connective tissue; plasma proteins are in solution -don't form like cartilage |
| hemocytoblasts or | pluripotent stem cells |
| hemocytoblasts divide to produce | myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells (which are capable of division) |
| myeloid stem cells and lymphoid cells divide | daughter cells are specialized |
| whole blood can be | fractionated; or separated, |
| characteristics of whole blood (physical) | temperature roughly 38 degrees Centigrade or 100.4 F; viscosity - blood is 5 times more viscous (stickier, more cohesive, & resistant to flow) and has pH of 7.35-7.45 (slightly alkaline) |
| vein used to collect blood | median cubital vein |
| venipuncture | 1. veins easy to locate 2. walls of veins thinner than artereis & 3. blood pressure in venous system lower than arterial blood-most common clinical procedures examine venous blood |
| arterial puncture | "arterial stick" used to check efficiency of gas exchange at the lungs - drawn from radial artery at wrist of brachial artery at elbow |
| plasma and interstitial fluid constitute | 92 percent of the extracellular fluid (ECF) in the body |
| 3 primary classes of plasma proteins | 1. albumins; 2. globulins & 3) fibrinogen - make up 99% of plasma proteins |
| albumins | 60% of plasma protein, osmotic pressure & transport fatty acids, etc. |
| glbulins 35% of proteins | antibodies or immunoglobins; transport globulins (carry iron) transferrin |
| fibrinogen | clotting - 4% of plasma proteins |
| red blood cells | 1 microliter (or 1 cubic millimeter (mm#) contain 4.5-6.3 million RBc's (for men) - RBC's are so numerous they account for |
| hematocrit | percentage of whole blood occupied by cellular elements |
| normal hematocrit | MALES have more RBC's than females |
| hematocrit is expressed in | commonly reported at volume of packed red blood cells (VPRC) or simply the packed cell volume (PCV) |
| dehydrationg means the hematocrit will | increase (due to less water; reduction in plasma volume) |
| Why are RBC's concave? | 1. greater surface area 2. form stacks, like dinner plates, in narrow blood vessels 3. can bend and flex |
| RBC's have few organelles (in humans & mammals) | energy demands are low, mitochondria don't "steal it" therefore RBC's can't reapir |
| hemoglobin conservation & recycling | phagocytes engulf aging RBCS or they hemolyze (rupture) |
| hemoglobin Hb recylced | globular proteins disassembled into component amino acids (re-used in bone marrow red cell production); heme units stripped of iron & converted to biliverdin and then bilirubin (transferred to liver & excreted as bile) |
| what happens to iron in blood? | large quantities of free iron are toxic; so iron is bound to transferrin, a plasma protein; taken to form new red blood cells |
| hypoxia | hypo - below - ox (presence of oxygen) |
| hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) | Rh factor - mother's blood can cross placenta and attack Rh-positive fetus - fatalities prevented by RhoGam (which destroys fetal anti-Rh antibodies before they get into mother's bloodstream; therefore the immune system is not immobolized |
Created by:
walterina4327