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Pathophysiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Osmosis: | Osmosis is the movement of a solvent(usually water) in a solution from an area of a lower solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration |
| Define Diffusion: | It is the passive movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Define Facilitated Diffusion: | Process in which carrier proteins transport large molecules across the cell membrane. Example - Insulin helps glucose enter the cell. |
| If a solution has a higher solute concentration than that of the cells it is termed to be: | Hypertonic |
| If a solution has a lower solute concentration than that of the cells it is termed to be: | Hypotonic |
| If a solution has an equal solute concentration to that of the cells it is termed to be: | Isotonic |
| How does the sodium / potassium pump work? What does it pump into the cell and what does it pump out? | The Na/K pumps works with energy (ATP) - it pumps 3 molecules of sodium out of the cell and 2 molecules of potassium back into the cell. |
| The equal sharing of electrons results in what type of chemical bond? | Covalent |
| The total number of neutrons and protons in an atom is referred to as the __________________. | Mass Number |
| The number of protons in an atom's nucleus is referred to as the ____________________. | Atomic Number |
| What is another word for tumor? | Neoplasm |
| A neoplasm that is not cancerous is also called a _______________ tumor. | Benign |
| A neoplasm that is cancerous is also called a _______________ tumor. | Malignant |
| The outermost shell of an atom is referred to as the __________________ shell. | Valence |
| The typical protein contains 200-300 amino acid molecules. A protein chain containing less than 10 amino acids is often called a ___________________ while a chain of greater than 10 amino acids is called a _________________. | Peptide, Polypeptide |
| What is an enzyme? | An enzymes is a substance that speeds up chemical reactions. |
| What is a normal pH level for a human? | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| If your patient has a pH level of 7.31 - is he acidotic or alkalotic? | Acidotic |
| If your patient has a pH level of 7.48 - is he acidotic or alkalotic? | Alkalotic |
| __________________________ occurs when the respiratory system cannot effectively eliminate all the carbon dioxide generated through metabolic activities in the peripheral tissues resulting in hypercapnia. | Respiratory Acidosis |
| __________________________ occurs when the respiratory system eliminates too much carbon dioxide through hyperventilation resulting in hypocapnia. | Respiratory Alkalosis |
| What is the most prevalent extracellular ion? | Sodium |
| What is the most prevalent intracellular ion? | Potassium |
| _________________ is made up of approximately 92% water, 6 - 7% proteins, and a small portion consisting of electrolytes, lipids, enzymes, clotting factors, glucose and other dissolved substances. | Plasma |
| More than 99% of your blood cells are ______________________. | Erythrocytes |
| What is considered to be the "Powerhouse" of the cell? | The Mitochondria |
| An increase in the size of cells in a tissue or organ is referred to as ___________________. | Hypertrophy |
| An decrease in the size of cells in a tissue or organ is referred to as ___________________. | Atrophy |
| An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ is referred to as ___________________. | Hyperplasia |
| In certain situations, a cell can change from one adult cell to another adult cell type - this process is called _______________________. | Metaplasia |
| Abnormal or disordered growth in a cell is referred to as __________________. | Dysplasia |
| The "Flight-or-flight" is known as what branch of the Autonomic Nervous System? | Sympathetic |
| The "Feed-or-breed" is know as what branch of the Autonomic Nervous System? | Parasympathetic |
| The state in which solutions on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane are in equal concentrations describes a(n) ____________ stated. | Isotonic |
| Define Anatomy | Anatomy is the study of the internal and external structures of plants, animals, and the human body. |
| What is Macroscopic Anatomy? | Also called Gross Anatomy - represents the study of the structures visible to the unaided or naked eye. |
| What is Microscopic Anatomy? | Is the study of structures that can be seen and examined only with magnification aids, such as a microscope. |
| Define Physiology | Physiology focuses on the functions and processes of the various structures that make up the human body. |
| Define Pathology | It is the medical science that deals with all aspects of disease. |
| What is a disease? | A disease is a condition in which the body fails to function normally. |
| Signs & Symptoms - What would be considered a Sign? | Signs are more definitive, objective, obvious indicators of illness. They can be measured and expressed as numbers (ie. Vital signs) |
| Signs & Symptoms - What would be considered a Symptom? | Symptoms are what a Patient tells you - They are more subjective and hard to measure. |
| Define Diagnosis | Diagnosis is an identification of a disease determined by studying the patient's signs, symptoms, history, and results of diagnostic tests. |
| Define Prognosis | Prognosis is the prediction of the outcome of a disease. |
| What is Etiology | Etiology is the cause of the disease. |
| Define Homeostasis | Homeostasis is the physiological process that monitors and maintains a stable internal environment or equilibrium. |
| What is a negative feedback loop? | It is a feedback loop that opposes the stimulus |
| What is a positive feedback loop? | It is a feedback loop that increases the magnitude of a change - also known as a vicious cycle. |
| What is an element? | An element is the smallest unit that retains the unique chemical properties of that specific type of matter |
| What is an Atom? | It is the smallest recognizable unit of an element. |
| What is a proton? | It is a positively charged particle |
| What is an Electron? | It is a negatively charged particle |
| What is a Neutron? | It is a neutral particle |
| What is an acid? | It is a chemical that can release hydrogen ions. |
| What is Hydrophilic? | Molecules that like water |
| What is Hydrophobic? | Molecules that don't like water |
| What is a solution? | When one substance is dissolved in another the combination is called a solution. |
| What is a solute? | The substance that is dissolved into the solution. |
| What is a solvent? | The substance doing the dissolving, usually water in living things. |
| What is a Carbohydrate? | Carbohydrates are sugars and starches |
| What is a Lipid? | Lipids consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen - they have very little oxygen. |
| What is a Protein? | Proteins are molecules made of long chains of amino acids. |
| What is a Nucleic Acid? | The only two Nucleic Acids in nature are RNA and DNA. They are involved in controlling the activities of cells and are the molecules that contain your genetic code. |
| What is Metabolism? | Metabolism refers to all the chemical operations going on within our bodies. |
| What is Anabolism? | Anabolism is the process by which simpler compounds are built up and used to manufacture materials for growth, repair, and reproduction. |
| What is Catabolism? | Catabolism is the process by which complex substances are broken down into simpler substances. |
| What is a Covalent Bond? | A covalent bond is an atomic bond in which valence electrons are shared. |
| What does an Enzyme do? | Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions, making them fast enough for your cells to use the materials. |
| What is the smallest unit of life? | The cell - which is made up of molecules, which is made up of atoms. |
| A group of similar cells that perform a common function is known as a: | Tissue |
| A group of tissues working together to perform a similar function is called an: | Organ |
| A group of organs working together to perform a common or similar function is referred to as an: | Organ system |
| A group of organ systems functioning together is called an: | Organism |
| How many organ systems do humans have? | 11 |
| Predisposing factors that lead to the development of disease include what five things? | Age, Gender, Genetics, Lifestyle and Environment. |
| The study of disease causes is termed: | Etiology |
| If the cause of a disease is unknown, it is termed to be: | Idiopathic |
| The manifestation of a disease is known as the: | Clinical presentation |
| What is a symptom? | A symptom is what the patient tells or describes to you about what is going on with them, it is subjective. |
Created by:
kevinakers