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Chapter 9 & 10
Waves & Sound Terminology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Wave | A repeating disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space. |
Medium | A material through which a wave travels. |
Longitudinal (Compression) Wave | A wave where its matter vibrates back and forth in the same direction as the wave. |
Wavelength | The distance between waves. Abbreviation: lambda SI Unit: meter |
Amplitude | The amount of energy carried by a wave. |
Frequency | The number of waves passing by every second Measured in m/s or Hz |
Wavelength Equation | Wavelength=Velocity/Frequency |
Seismic Waves | The waves produced by earthquakes. |
Compression Waves (P Waves) | Seismic waves that travel through the Earth. |
Shear Waves (S Waves) | Seismic waves that travel along the Earth's surface. |
Richter Scale | Scale used to measure the amplitude of seismic waves. |
Sonic boom | Sound produced when an object travels faster than the speed of sound. |
Interference | A combination of two or more waves passing through each other. |
Destructive Interference | Occurs when when crests pass through troughs and cancel each other out. |
Constructive Interference | Occurs when two troughs, crests, rarefaction, or compression pass through each other. |
Standing Wave | A wave pattern formed when waves continually interfere with each other. |
Resonance | Vibrations that build when objects are forced to vibrate at their natural frequencies. |
Infrasound | Sounds less than 20 Hz. |
Ultrasound | Sounds greater than 20,000 Hz. |
Pitch | Is the human perception of sound based on its frequency, highness, and/or lowness. |
Loudness | The human perception of sound intensity. |
Decibel: dB | The units used to measure sound loudness. Lowest sound still audible to humans: 0 dB Permanent hearing loss begins at: 120 dB |
Sonar | Sound Navigation and Ranging |
Doppler Effect | States that a change in frequency will occur due to the motion of the sound source. |
Music | A patterned formed by using specific pitches and sound quality. |
Noise | Sounds with no set pattern or pitch. |
Overtones | Multiples of the fundamental frequency. |
Reverberation: | The echos that are heard from the reflections of sound off different surfaces. |
An-echoic Chamber | A room where no echos will be heard. |
Gamma Wave | Shortest electromagnetic wave. |
Radio Wave | Longest electromagnetic wave. |