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Chapter 12 climate
Ch. 12 Section 4,5,6
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Anemometer | an instrument used to measure wind speed |
Conduction | the direct transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another substance that it is touching |
Convection | the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of fluid |
Convection current | the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another |
Coriolis effect | the effect of Earth’s rotation on the direction of winds and currents |
Electro-magnetic wave | waves that can transfer electric and magnetic energy through the vacuum of space |
Global wind | winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances |
Greenhouse effect | the process by which heat is trapped in the atmosphere by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases that form a “blanket” around Earth; the trapping of heat by a planet’s atmosphere |
Heat | the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a difference in temperature |
Infrared radiation | electromagnetic waves with wavelength that are longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves |
Jetstream | bands of high-speed winds about 10 km above Earth’s surface |
Land breeze | the flow of air from land to a body of water |
Local winds | winds that blow over short distances |
Radiation | the direct transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves |
Scattering | reflection of light in all directions |
Sea breeze | the flow of cooler air from over an ocean or lake toward land |
Thermal energy | the total energy of motion in the particles of a substance |
Ultraviolet radiation | electromagnetic waves with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light but longer than x-rays |
Wind | the horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure |
Wind-chill factor | a measure of cooling combining temperature and wind speed |