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ES-Chapter 1
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake | seismic wave |
| the layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface | crust |
| the force pushing on a surface divided by the area of that surface | pressure |
| a dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust | basalt |
| a usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust | granite |
| the layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core | mantle |
| the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats | asthenosphere |
| a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust | lithosphere |
| a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core | outer core |
| a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth | inner core |
| What two pieces of evidence do geologists study for to help them map the interior of Earth? | seismic waves and rocks |
| What two measurements increase as you go deeper into the core? | temperature and pressure |
| An erupting volcano is an example of what type of force? | Constructive force |
| Heat from the sun, erosion, and weathering are all examples of ...? | Destructive forces |
| a great landmass surrounded by ocean | continent |
| the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another | convection current |
| the hypothesis that continents slowly move across Earth's surface | continental drift |
| a trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock | fossil |
| the transfer of heat by direct contact of particles in of matter | conduction |
| the name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago | Pangaea |
| the transfer of heat by movement of a heated fluid | convection |
| the material that forms Earth's hard surface | rock |
| the transfer of energy through empty space | radiation |
| the study of planet Earth | geology |
| the movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object | heat transfer |
| the name of the scientist who developed the idea that the continents were once joined and have since drifted apart | Alfred Wegener |
| What are the 3 types of heat transfer? | conduction, convection, and radiation |
| Which layer of the earth is the thinnest? | the crust |
| Why does the inner core spin? | Currents in the fluid outer core |
| What is the inner core made of? | solid iron and nickel |
| What 4 types of evidence did Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift? | fossils, glacial deposits, mountain ranges, and rock formations |
| Which type of plate boundary occurs when two plates move towards each other? | Convergent boundary |
| Which type of plate boundary occurs when two plates move away from each other? | Divergent boundary |
| Which type of boundary occurs two plates move past each other in opposite directions? | Transform boundary |
| What is called when one plate (usually the denser one) dives under the other plate and melts into the mantle at a convergent boundary? | subduction |
| What is a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust? | a plate |
| What is a break in the Earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other? | a fault |
| What is a deep valley that forms where two plates move apart? | a rift valley |
| What is the theory that pieces of the Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle? | Plate Tectonics |
| What determines which plate will come out on top when two plates collide during subduction? | the density of the two plates, usually the greater density will subduct below the less dense plate |
Created by:
gdustin
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