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Chapter 8 Vocab

The vocabulary from Chapter 8

TermDefinition
Uniformitarianism- the principle that processes that occurred in Earth’s past can be explained by current geological processes
Relative Age- the age of an object in relation to the ages of other objects
Rocks can form in layers, called ____, that show the sequence of events that took place in the past strata.
Most commonly studied rock is _____ rock. Sedimentary
The law of ______ states that the sedimentary layer on the bottom is older than the layer above it Superposition
The principle of original _______ states that sedimentary rocks left undisturbed will remain in horizontal layers. Horizontalitly
The law of ________ states that an igneous intrusion or a fault is always younger than the rock layers it cut through Crosscutting relationships
Earth is _______ years old. 4.6 billion.
Uniformitarianism was first stated by _______ James Hutton
The _______ of an object or event is its numeric age. Can be determined through analyzing rates of...... Absolute Age
Examples of absolute age are..... erosion (example: Niagara Falls), deposition (example: sandstone layers in U.S. Southwest), or varve counts (lake beds.).
Radiometric dating A method used to determine absolute age by comparing the relative percentage of a radioactive isotope (parent) to a stable isotope (daughter).
a method used to determine absolute age by comparing the relative percentage of a radioactive isotope (parent) to a stable isotope (daughter) is called... Radiometric dating.
An isotope’s half-life is- the amount of time for half of the mass of parent isotope to decay into the stable daughter isotope
Uranium- 238 has a half-life of- 4.5 billion year
the amount of time for half of the mass of parent isotope to decay into the stable daughter isotope is.. an isotope’s half-life
Carbon Dating younger layers can be indirectly dated by using carbon-14 dating to analyze the organic material (wood, bones, shells) embedded in the rock layer
younger layers can be indirectly dated by using carbon-14 dating to analyze the organic material (wood, bones, shells) embedded in the rock layer is called.. Carbon Dating.
Fossilization- Dead organism must be buried or protected quickly Usually only hard parts like bones,hells,or teeth fossilize. Types of fossils: carbon films, molds or casts, coprolites, gastroliths. (pg. 215, Table 2) Trace fossils = tracks, burrows, borings.
Used to establish the age of rock layers because they are abundant, widespread, and existed for only a short period of geologic time. Example in book: ammonites. Is Called... Index Fossils
The Boundary between two beds of rock is called a bedding plane
Index fossils Fossils that occur only in rock layer of a particular geologic age
Using the rate of Erosion is to determine absolute age would be less accurate for a surface feature such as the Grand Canyon which is millions of years old.
In general, about 30 cm of sedimentary rock are ___- over a period of 1,000 years Deposited
Some sedimentary rock layers show annual layers called.... varves
Which layer (summer or winter) is composed of darker, finer grains winter
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called... isotopes
The half life is the time required for half of a radioactive sample to break down by decay to form the ______ isotope daughter
The original radioactive isotope is called ______ isotope parent
The scientific study of fossil is called.. Paleontology
Some insects become fossilized in hardened tree sap called... Amber
Organism buried in ______ do not decay, because bacteria doesn't survive in such low temperatures. Ice
When minerals in groundwater percolate through buried organic matter, the result is a nearly perfect mineral replica of the object. This process is called.... Petrification
A fossil residue of a leaf that makes a "shadow" on sedimentary rock is called a _______ Carbon Films
The stones from the digestive tracts of dinosaurs...... Gastroliths
Fossilized tracks, boring or burrows are called....... Trace Fossils
Geologists also use these fossils to locate deposits of..... oil or natural gas
Fossilized dung or waste is from an animal is called a.... Coprolites
Created by: sierrareid
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