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PDX 2 Exam 1 NWHSU#2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ______ means runny nose. | Rhinorrhea |
| Clear nasal discharge can be caused by what four things? | Viral infection, allergy, vasomotor response (hot pepper), CSF |
| Pus containing is called _________. This is usually green or yellow and suggest a bacterial infection. | purulent |
| _________ means nose bleeding. Most commonly from nose picking but can be trauma to the septum or (kiesselbach's area). | Epistaxis |
| _______ may indicate nasal obstruction. Should not be dismissed, especially in young children. This could be _______ or ______. | Snoring Polyps or tumors |
| A hole develops in the nasal cartilage. Causes can be chronic irritation, trauma, surgery, fracture, TB. Symptoms include nothing, chronic nasal obstructionn, crusting, whistling sound when breathing through nose. Found by nasal speculum. | Septal perforation |
| ______ _________ is an asymmetric septum. May be congenital or subsequent to trauma. Symptoms include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, facial pain, noisy breathing during sleep. | Septal deviation |
| Another name for the common cold is ________ ________. | Acute coryza |
| ________ __________ is caused by air born particles such as pollen. Suggested by pale pink color. Boggy congested appearance. | Allergic rhinitis |
| _________ _________ is when the sinus cavities become swollen which interferes with mucus drainage. Causes are common cold, allergies, bacterial or fungal infections. Symptoms postnasal drip, pain around eyes, fatigue, fever, nocturnal cough. | Acute sinusitis |
| Nasal problem caused by allergies, meds, hormones and infections. Symptoms unilateral breathing difficulties. Exam may appear mass-like, pain sensitive, fixed and non mobile. | Hypertrophied turbinates |
| _____ _________ are caused by allergies. CAn be asymptomatic, difficult to breath, loss of smell, frequent infections, snoring pressure. Grape like masses, painless and mobile. | Nasal polyps |
| __________ in the nasal cavity have a history identical to sinusitis. Exam findings are gray-white, friable (bleed easy), and relatively painless. | Malignancies |
| Lumps or masses in the neck you should suspect ________ until proven otherwise. Thyroid and lymph _______ are common in the neck. | cancer cancers |
| _______ _______ _______ are normal resonse to infection, part of the immune response, and may be tender as in strep throat. Easily palpable and normally are not. | Enlarged lymph nodes. |
| ___________ is another name for strep throat or tender lymph nodes in the neck. | Lymphadenitis |
| __________ node is commonly enlarged and tender in tonsillitis and strep throat. | Tonsillar node |
| When lymph nodes are hard and stony it could be _________ disease. | metastatic disease |
| When lymph nodes are rubbery like a super ball it could be __________ ___________. | malignant lymphomatous |
| Soft, painless palpable lymph nodes may indicate __________ or be incidental. | infection |
| ________ __________ involvement with lymph nodes is common in German measles (___________) and in mononucleosis. | Posterior chain rubella |
| The left supraclavicular lymph nodes is called _________ node | virchow's node |
| __________ cartilage lies above the thyroid isthmus. In elderly the lateral horns may calcify and be misinterpreted as stone hard lymph nodes. | Hyoid cartilage |
| A diffusely enlarged thyroid gland is called a _________. May be hypothyroid, hyperthyroid or euthyroid. | Goiter |
| A thyroid ________ or (________) is firm, hard, recently enlarging and associated with firm lymphadenopathy. | nodule or tumor |
| __________ _______ symptoms include lump, swelling, difficulty swallowing or breathing, hoarseness or cough, swollen lymph nodes. Exam is painless, solitary, hard, fixed nodule. | Thyroid cancer |
| _________ __________ is an autoimmune disease that is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Symptoms are pain in ant neck, dysphagia and odynophagia. Exam findings increased THS, diffuse thyroid enlargement, firm tender thyroid. | Hashimotos thyroiditis. |
| Most common form of hyperthyroidism is ________ disease. | Graves |
| ____________ _________ (zenkers diverticulum) is an out pocketing at the cricopharyngeus muscle. Symptoms include dysphagia, chronic cough, weight loss. Often no clinical signs. Lump in neck that gugles on palpation Halitosis due to decaying food. | Pharyngeal pouch |
| Anterior neck pain or left arm pain may be referred from the _________. | heart |
| ________ _______________ is lateral swelling along thyroid cartilage, pulsating, and bruit. Palpation of the trachea is used to check for this. Feel for a "tug" or fluid wave from a _________ ____________ as it flows oer the left main stem bronchus. | Carotid aneurysm carotid aneurysm |
| SCM, upper trap, spinal accessory nerve syndrome are all CN __. | CN XI or 11 |
| Sore painful swallowing is ___________. May be a sore throat and if its only during swallowing it may be a mass lesion. | Odynophagia |
| A constant "Lump in the throat" but not an actual physical lump. Without anatomical cause. | Globus Hystericus |
| _________ is lock jaw. A spasm of the masticatory muscles. May be in _________. | Trismus Tetanus |
| Difficulty swallowing with no pain is _________. Solids suggest _________ problem. Liquids suggest __________ problem. | Dysphagia solid mechanical problem liquid neurological problem |
| Loss of taste is __________. If unilateral and _______ _/_ it would suggest a CN ___ lesion. | ageusia Anterior 2/3 CN 7 |
| Loss of taste in posterior 1/3 of tongue is CN __ lesions. | CN9 |
| Diminished taste is _______. | hypogeusia |
| Unpleasant or obnoxious taste is ___________. | dysgeusia |
| Loss of salivation is _________. May occur with loss of tears. Occurs in a variety of autoimmune diseases like RA, diabetes, stroke, or because of meds. | Xerostomia |
| Hoarseness accompaning throat pain could be ________ disease. | laryngeal disease |
| Difficulty in articulating is _________. May indicate stroke because of loss of motor function. | Dysarthria |
| A "crowding sound" on inspiration and expiration. Suggests upper airway obstruction by foreign body. | Stridor |
| Parotid duct opening (Stensons) is red when inflamed. In parotitis purulent material may drain. This is known as ________. | Mumps |
| Tonsils enlarge naturally until age _. | 7 |
| Gag reflex is a sensory motor test of CN _ and CN _. | 9 and 10 |
| Herpes simplex Virus 1 is ______. Herpes Simplex Virus 2 is ______. | 1 is mouth cold sores 2 is genital herpes |
| _______ ________ is a canker sore. Not infectious, red ulcer with red rim, very painful. What common amino acid is used for this? | Aphthous ulcer Folic acid or Le.... |
| Blotchy hyperpigmentation of the lips and oral mucosa may be __________ disease. Adrenocortical insufficiency. | Addisons |
| Hard margins with central ulceration, a chronic sore that doesnt heal in 3 weeks, bleeds easily, and chronic irritation is _______ ________. | oral cancer |
| 10-30 days after exposure to someone with syphilis you will get _________ ________ of syphilis. They are raised har, painless, upper lip usually. | primary chancres |
| _______ or _______ _______ ________ are benign cysts that form between the gums and buccal walls. They are not common. | Mucocele or mucous retention cysts |
| _________ is a periodontal disease. It is marked by inflammation and infection of the gums. Long term plaque deposits, pregnancy, diabetes, and genes play a role in this. | Gingivitis |
| Severe infection causing recession of the gums upwards is _______ _________ | alveolar pyorrhea |
| __________ _________ are swollen gums from gingivitis, scurvy, pregnancy or meds. | Hypertrophied gums |
| Teeth do not meet corectly is called ________. Imbalance may lead to jaw problems. | Malocclusion |
| _________ is a patchy white lesion found on the mucous membrane of the mouth. usually from chronic irritation and is considered premalignant. | Leukoplakia |
| Deviation of tongue is damage to CN __. If the toungue deviates left which side is the lesion. | CN? L |
| A splotchy loss of papillae on the tongue is a benign _________ __________. This occurs in children and is harmless. | Benign migratory glossitis |
| Beefy red tongue is known as _________ ________. Occurs in adults. Folic acid or iron defficiency. | Atrophic glossitis |
| Hairy tongue is caused by ________ or ________. | antibiotics or lithium |
| **_______ __________ are yellowish granulations inside the cheek. They are sebaceous glands and not a problem. | Fordyce spots |
| A white line inside the mouth is _______ ______. | Linea Alba |
| **Gray-white spots with a rim of surrounding erythema. Located in the area of the parotid duct opening. Only occurs in the disease __________. These spots are called ______ spots of measles. | Pathognomonic koplik spots of measles |
| Herpes zoster is ________ ____. Same virus as shingles and typically occurs in childhood. | Chicken pox |
| A midline bony variant on the hard palate is _______ _________. Not a problem unless is it not in the midline. | Torus palatinus |
| A bony shelf inside the lower gum that is no big deal is called ________ __________ | torus mandibularis |
| A sandpaper rash on neck and chest is a symptom of _____ ________. | sore throat |
| A childhood condition of the upper airway. It is an infection that results in swelling around the larynx, trachea, and bronchitis. Signs are a barking cough as turbulent air is forced through the narrow passage along with stridor | Croup (Croup cough) |
| __________ is when the epiglottis swells blocking the flow of air into the lungs. Can be from hot liquid burns, infections or injury. | Epiglottitis |
| Transverse depression on the fingernails are _________ _______. from trauma, myocardial infarcation, severe disease, malnutrition. | Beau's lines |
| Horizontal white bands of the nails are ______ _____. May follow acute or severe illness. Chronic arsenic poisoning. | Mee's Lines |
| A half white half brown nail indicates _____ ______ | Renal failure |
| A white ground glasslike opacity of the nail. | Terry's nails |
| outer surface of the nail is concave. Iron deficiency, softening by oils. | Koilonychia |
| *Proliferation of distal tissues in nail beds. Results in thickening and widening of the extremities. Associated with cardiopulmonary disease. | Clubbing |
| Small pits in nails are seen in _________. | psoriasis |
| A freckle is a _______. A flat lesion of a color differing from the surrounding skin | macule |
| A solid elevated but superficial mass such as a wart or mole is a _______ | papule |
| A transitory lesion resulting from an allergy response or scratching the skin. | Wheal (Hive) |
| A fluid or mucoid material filled bump. May be any size or hardness. | Cyst |
| A tiny blister filled with clear fluid like early chicken pox or shingles is a ________. | vesicle |
| A large blister usually from a burn is a ________. usually 1cm | bulla |
| An elevated skin area containing pus like acne is a _________. | pustule |
| A skin discoloration caused by deposits of blood in the skin is ____________. A large area is called __________. A small area is called __________. | Purpura large-ecchymosis small-petechia |
| Destructions of one or more skin layer exposing underlying tissue are ______. | ulcers |
| A thickened scaly area of dead skin. Frequent sunburns may cause this. | Lichenification |
| The most common skin cancer is ___ _______ ________. It is easily cured "Rodent ulcer" like a rodent scratched out a area of the skin to make a small mole hole. | Basal cell carcinoma |
| Once-rare skin tumor that is not more common because of aids. | Kaposi's sarcoma |
| Sunburn caused by UV light is called ________ __________. | erythema solare |
| _______ or Heat rash or prickly heat seen in infants and obese adults is burning and itching and causes blisters. | Miliaria |
| Bunions are hallax ________. | Valgus |
| Bacteria borrelia burgdorferi trasmitted through a tick bite causes ______ _______. Untreated infections can affect _____, _______ and _____ ______. | Lymes disease joints, heart, and nervous system |
| The target sign from lymes disease is called ________ ________. | erythema migrans |
| _________ is caused by infection of hair follicles by staphylococci. Sometimes called barbers itch. | Folliculitis |
| ________ or boils are deeper more serious infections of hair follicles. Thick and painful. Result in abscess formation | Furuncles and carbuncles |
| Steptococcal pyoderma causes a localized crusty lesions and is very contagious. ________ is found in children typically. | Impetigo |
| _______ is pus containing skin infection. Can be primary folliculitis or secondary scabies and is infectious. | Pyoderma |
| *_________ is a painful spreading indurated plaques of redness, swelling, and blistering of the skin with sharply demarcated borders. Infections involve upper dermis. | Erysipelas |
| *____ is a quickly spreading bacterial infection of the deeper dermis. This is not infectious. Symptoms include fever, tight shiney red skin, pain and tenderness. | cellulitis |
| ________ is inflammation of subcutaneous fat. Looks more like a bruise and is commonly caused by infection. | Panniculitis |
| The most common viral infection of the skin is _________ | Herpes |
| MRSA or __________ _________ ________ ______ is deep painful abcesses which can infect the deep tissue, bone, or become systemic. Common in hospitals and hard to treat | Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus |
| Flesh eating disease or ______ ________ is caused by group a streptococcus. It is a rare illness that causes extensive tissue destruction and can lead to death. | Necrotizing fasciitis |
| A fungus of the scalp is ____ ________. A fungus of the body is ________ _______. A fungus of the groin in _______ _______. | tinea capitis-scalp tinea corporis-body tinea cruris-jock itch groin |
| Ringworm is a _______ not a worm. They are circular form of a lesion. These infections often have itching burning stining and seepage of tissue fluids | Fungus |
| Athletes foot or _______ _______ is dermatophytosis of the foot. | tinea pedis |
| Discoloration due to fungal infection is called _____ ______. | tinea versicolor |
| Lice are called ____________. | pediculosis |
| _________ is a disease that causes depigmented macules and halos around normal moles. | Vitiligo |
| Cafeaulait spots, axillary freckling (multiple not one) might both be symptoms of _________. | neurofibromatosis |
| _________ is a chronic autoimmune disease. Inflammatory disease that can affect the joints, skin , kidneys, blood, brain, and lungs. Butterfly rashes on face, skin leasions and fingers and toes that turn white or blue. | Lupus |
| ________ is a genetic or autoimmune disease of the Large vessels. Symptoms are fever, headache, weight loss, rash. | Vasculitis |
| _________ is a group of progressive autoimmune conditions that cause the skin and connective tissues to harden and tighten. This makes it hard to move fingers and joints. | Scleroderma |
| __________ is an autoimmune disease that inflames Small blood vessels in muscular tissue leading to degeneration. Progressive muscle weakness and a dusty red or violet rash are signs. | Dermatomyositis |
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