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PDX 2 Exam 1 NWHSU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the name for rhythmic patterns of the heart or lungs? (Movements or _______) | Events |
| *Sound of air filled structures (Gastric air bubble) | Tympany |
| *Sound of partially air filled structures (lungs) | Resonance |
| *Sound of solid organs (liver) | Dullness |
| *Sound of big muscles (Thigh) | Flatness |
| Striking through an object instead of directly or immediately striking the patient is called _________ _________. | Mediated percussion |
| Part of the stethoscope that works best for high sounds such as bowel sounds? | Diaphragm |
| Part of the stethoscope that works best for lower pitched sounds that are harder to hear such as vascular, mitral and tricuspid valves? | Bell |
| Frequency of a sound is the _______. | Pitch |
| Intensity of the sound is _______. | loudness |
| Quality of the sound is __________. | Timbre/resonance |
| Another name for appearance (physical and constitutional) of a patient is _________. | Habitus |
| _______ is when a patient looks sickly. | Wan |
| __________ is when a patient looks very sickly. Temples are indented or long narrow and lean. | Cathetic |
| ________ is when a patient is perspiring. | Diaphoretic |
| Growth spurt average age in males is ___ and in females it is ___. | Males 14 Females 12 |
| BMI of 15-19.9 is ________ and 30+ is considered _______. | 25-29.9 is overweight 30+ is obese |
| Formula for body builders and serious athletes that is more accurate than a BMI chart is ______ to _____ ________. | Waist to height ratio |
| An athletic body type is _________. A fleshy/fat body type is __________. A thin body type is ________. | Athletic -Mesomorph Fleshy -Endomorph Thin -Ectomorph |
| A state of being fat is called _________. | Corpulence |
| Type of obesity where limbs and trunk are involved equally. Excess caloric intake in ratio of physical activity. | Exogenous Obesity |
| Type of obesity where trunk is obese while limbs stay slim. Metabolic or endocrine cause should be sought. | Endogenous Obesity |
| Severe weight loss, sunken eyes, dropping eyelids, weakness, muscle wasting in temporalis muscle all are characteristics of ____________. | Cachexia |
| Moon Face red cheeks, buffalo hump, truncal obesity, striae all are characteristics of _________. Caused by excess cortisol. Often iatrogenic (caused by doctor) | Cushing's syndrome |
| Buldging of the eyes (Exophtlamos) is a sign of __________. Seen in Hyperthyroidism or preeclampsia. | Myxedema |
| Severe swelling around eyes, edematous face. Similar to cushing's syndrome. | Nephrotic syndrome |
| Large lips and ears, protruding brow and lower jaw, elongated head, tongue enlarges. Caused by a pituitary tumor. Too much growth hormone. | Acromegaly |
| Jutting jaw is called __________. | prognathism |
| Fetid or bad breath is called ________. | Halitosis |
| Bad breath from liver. It smells like amonia. | Fetor hepaticas |
| Pupil asymmetry is called _________. | anisocoria |
| Nonconjugate gaze (one eye crossed in, one normal) is called ___________. | Strabismus |
| Lazy eye is called _________. | amblyopia |
| Lid drooping down and covering most of pupil is called _________. | ptosis |
| If the left eyelid is drooping down (ptosis), and the supraclvicular swelling of lymph nodes. This is ______. | Cancer in chest cavity specifically metastatic cancer from the thorax and abdomen |
| Loss of motor on 1/2 of the face vertically is called ________ _________. This can go away in time. May affect taste, saliva, and tears. Damage to facial nerve. | Bells Palsy |
| Loss of motor on 1/4 of lower face is ____________. | Stroke |
| If 1/2 of the face has motor loss you want to ask the patient what question. If they can perform that action what does it mean. If they cannot perform that action what does it mean? | Ask to raise eyebrows. If they can=stroke If they can't=bells palsy |
| Bells Palsy is caused by CN___? | VII 7 |
| Hearing loss is caused by CN ___? | VIII 8 |
| Speech irregularities (dysarthria) is caused by CNs__? | IX, X, XII 9, 10, 12 |
| What does ALOX3 mean? | Alert and oriented times 3. Ask 3 simple questions to find out. ex. Is it morning or afternoon? |
| Build up of plaque in veins is called ___________. | Atherosclerosis |
| Hardening and thickening of arteries is called ___________. | Arteriosclerosis |
| Abnormal audible swooshing sound heard during auscultation over a peripheral artery is called _______. This swoosh is caused by __________ blood flow. | Bruit Turbulent blood flow |
| Stricture or narrowing of the wall of a vessel is called ___________. | Coarctation |
| The 5th vital sign is ________ or ______ __________. | Pain or pulse oximetry |
| What is the gold standard of measuring temperature? | Rectal Temp (Usually 1 degree F higher than oral) |
| Respiratory rate more than 20/minutes is called ___________. | Tachypnea |
| Temperature during sleep can fall as low as ___degrees F. Normal temperatures read from __-__ degrees F. | 95.5 degrees F Normal is 97.5-98.9 5% of normal ppl fall out of that range. |
| Unknown cause is called ________. | idiopathic |
| List 3 debilitating affections with low-grade fever. | Lymphoma, TB, AIDS |
| List some reasons for a small/weak pulse | heart failure, hypovolemia, aortic stenosis, cold exposure |
| List some reasons for a large/bounding pulse | fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism, atherosclerosis |
| What is a bisferiens pulse? What causes it? | Increased arterial pulse with a double systolic peak. Aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| What is pulsus Alternans? What does it mean? | The pulse alternates in amplitude from beat to beat but the rhythm stays the same. Left ventricular failure |
| What is a paradoxical pulse? What causes it? | A pulse with a palpable decrease in the amplitude on quiet inspiration. Pericardial tamponade, constrictive pericarditis and obstructive lung disease |
| Normal pulse rate for children is __-__bpm and normal pulse rate for adulsts is __-__ bpm. Usually higher in which sex? | child 90-120 adult 60-100 higher in females |
| An increase of approximately ____ respiratory cycles per minute for each degree F above normal. | 4 |
| Adults have ___-___ RPM and infants can have up to ___ RPM. | 12-20 adults 44 infants |
| Respiration that is characterized by periods of deep breathing alternation with periods of apnea. What causes this? | Cheyne stokes Seen in coma, heart failure, uremia, brain damage |
| Respiration that is characterized by unpredictable irregularity. What causes this? | Ataxic/Biots Respiratory depression and brain damage |
| Sounds caused by turbulant bloodflow while giving blood pressure. | Korotkoffs sounds |
| Blood pressure can be taken in what positions other than seated? | Standing or supine |
| Phenomenon experienced by an examiner listening for blood pressure sounds. There are temporary silent intervals between systolic and diastolic sounds. This is most common in what type of patient. | Auscultatory gap Hypertensive patients |
| Three causes for different BP readings between left and right arm? | Thoracic outlet syndrome Aortic aneurysm Obstruction of the brachial artery |
| A systolic BP decrease of at least __mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure decrease of at least __mm Hg within 3 minutes of standing up. | 20 10 |
| The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is called _______ _______. Normal ranges of this are __-___ ex. 120/80 BP 120-80=40 | Pulse Pressure normal 30-60 mm Hg |
| High pulse pressure conditions include? | anemia, hyperthyroidism, aortic regurgitation, arteriovenous fistula, areteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis of aorta and large arteries |
| What are some serious causes of low blood pressure? Normally low BP is of no clinical significance. | Adrenal insufficiency, acucte myocardial infarcation, hemorrhage, dehydration |
| In most patients with high BP no _____ can be found. A few causes could be? | cause chronic glomerulonephritis, pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta. (renal, adrenal, vascular) |
| Normally Temp goes up and pulse goes up. Also normally BP goes down and pulse goes down. What would cause BP to go down and Pulse to go up. | Hypovolemic shock |
| Fever is called _________ | pyrexia |
| Rapid shallow breathing is called __________. Slow breathing is called __________. Rapid deep breathing is called _________. | tachypnea bradypnea Hyperpnea |
| A buildup of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain. Fontanelle buldging in infants. In adults it does not cause distortion of the skull but symptoms may include dementia, headache, unstead walk, sudden falls, drowsiness. | Hydrocephalus |
| Abnormal shape of the head with asymmetry. Birth defect with one or more joints in theskull. | Craniosynostosis |
| A localized disease in the spine, skull (prominence in frontal bone), pelvis, femur, and lower legs. AKA Osteodystrophia deformans | Pagets disease |
| Facial expression either pain or emotional status is CN __? | CN VII 7 |
| Parotid gland enlargement could be what four problems? | mumps, tumor, bulimia nervosa, sialadentitis (infection) |
| Exopthalmos is __________ and enopthalmos is __________. | exo hyperthyroidism eno hypothoroidism |
| Outer 1/3 of eyebrow thinning could be a sign of ___________. | hypothyroidism |
| Evaluate what artery when evidence of seizures, HA, stroke syndromes, intracranial mass lesions or carotid bruits. | orbital artery |
| Characteristics of this disease are temporal artery inflamed swollen and prominent. Nodules may be palpable. The patient may go blind from emboli in the opthalmic artery. | giant cell arteritis |
| Unwanted male-pattern hair growth in women is called _________. Other male sexual characteristics are not involved. | Hirsutism |
| Hair loss is called __________. Patch of missing hair is _______. Entire head of missing hair is _________. No hair on the entire body is ____________. | hair loss= alopecia patch=areata entire head=areata totalis entire body=areta universalis |
| The most common form of alopecia (hair loss) is called _____ _______ ____________. Seen in men as receding frontal and bilateral triangular temple hairlines. May progress to complete alopecia. Inheritance in autosomal dominant in males, recessive in fem. | Male pattern baldness |
| Fine hair is seen in _______-thyroidism and coarse hair is seen in ______-thyroidism. | Fine=hyper coarse=hypo |
| Scalp changes in infants is called _____ ______. | craddle cap |
| scalp changes in adults is called ________ ________ | seborrheic dermatitis |
| Tiny tan, yellow or brown oval dots. Shell looks white or clear and is firmly attached to hair shaft. | nits |
| Stroke, MS, and syringobulbia are all caused by ___________ lesions. | brainstem |
| Trigeminal neuroma, metastasis, trigeminal sensory neuropathy are caused by _______ lesions. | intracranial |
| Facial sensation and motor to jaw is CN __. | CN V or 5 |
| _______, ________, or dizziness are caused by carotid bulb hypersensitivity. Also initiated by turning head. | Syncope, presyncope or dizziness |
| _________ _________ ______TIA may cause episodes of temporary unilateral blindness, dizziness, nausea, light headedness, transient hemiperesis. Needsprompt vascular evaluation because of high risk of stroke. | Transient Ischemic Attack |
| Causes of ___________ _______ syndrome include trauma, disease, wear, aging, habits, recent dental work. Symptoms include jaw pain, clicking, locking injury. | Temporomandibular joint syndrome |
| ________ _________ _________ headaches are increased CSF, bleeding tumor, swelling of the brain, aneurysm, meningitis. Symptoms are severe headache, blurred vision, fatigue, and vommiting. | High intracranial pressure headache |
| Three structures observed by an otoscope in the nose. | Inferior and anterior middle turbinates Middle meatus Nasal septum |
| Normal color of nasal membrane is _____ _______. Viral nasal membrane color is ______ _____. Allergic nasal membrane color is _____________. | normal dark coral viral firey red allergic pale |
| Loss of smell is _________. Physiologicaal event of aging. CN __? | Anosmia CN 1 |
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T1NWHSU