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Topic 3:Astron. B

Earth in the Universe; pgs (41-47)

QuestionAnswer
Can you describe star luminosity? The brightness of a celestial object when compared with our Sun.
Can you compare star absolute magnitude, with star apparent magnitude? Absolute magnitude would be the relative brightness of stars if all stars were the same distance from our Sun. Apparent magnitude evaluates how a star appears. Thus, far away is dim, while close appears brighter.
How old is our Sun? & How old is the Milky Way Galaxy? Sun is 5 Billion years old. Milky Way is 10 Billion years old.
How does color indicate star temperature? What color is hottest, or coolest? Blue is hottest, red is coolest!
Size of a star is key in determining luminosity. Which is brighter, a red giant or a white dwarf? Large is luminous, while dwarves are dim!! Size is more important than temperature!
Can you describe a Main Sequence Star? Most abundant classification, and stable stars. Our Sun is main sequence.
Which lives longer, a giant or a dwarf? Dwarves consume fuel much more slowly and live much longer!
What factor determines when/if a star will transition from Main Sequence to Red Giant? The element being fused changes from hydrogen, to helium.
Are you able to explain what a supernova is? The explosion of a massive star. This event seeds the galaxy with more complex matter requisite in the formation of Earth like planets that support life.
Can you describe a black hole? A celestial object of such immense density that light is unable to escape it's pull of gravity. Super massive black holes are the anchors of galaxies.
What will be the change in size and temperature when our Sun collapsed from a red giant to a white dwarf? From larger, brighter and cooler to smaller, dimmer and hotter.
What is an Astronomical Unit? A distance in space of length equal to 93 million miles in space, or the average distance from the Earth to the Sun. Usable only in our own solar system as this distance is so small.
Define our solar system and tell which page in the ESRT tells you all about the objects which it contains. Sun plus 8 planets. Page 15, bottom in ESRT, Solar System Data.
What is a satellite? An object that orbits or revolves about it's primary. (*moon to the Earth)
What us a primary? The object that holds satellites to it by gravitational force. (*the Sun)
What are asteroids? Smaller rocky or metallic objects that independently orbit the sun. One flew into the Earth 65 million years ago and caused the extinction of dinosaurs.
Where is the asteroid belt found in our solar system? Between Mars and Jupiter! & asteroids encircle the orbital path like a belt of rocks.
Can you describe a comet? It is a dirty snow ball of frozen gasses and metallic chunks. The comet forms a tail of gasses from melted frozen gasses as it approaches the sun. The tail is ever perpendicular to the sun.
How is a meteor different from a meteorite? Meteors are "shooting stars", or grains of sand that never strive Earth's surface. The meteorite is massive enough to hit Earth's surface, made of nickel and iron.
What is an impact event/crater? The slamming of a celestial object into the surface of the Earth. A hole or scar is created on the surface of the earth due to the kinetic and potential energy of the moving space debris.
Why are the impact craters visible on the moon since it's formation 4.5 billion years ago, while similar craters are no longer visible on Earth, 4.6 b.y.o.? Earth has an atmosphere and thus the water cycle, wind, and surface erosion. Moon has less gravity, no atmosphere, thus no water cycle or wind and erosion.
Can you describe the steps by which our Solar System was formed? Please see page 47, figure 3-8 in your Regents Review Book and READ!
Are you able to describe what happens to a low mass star after the Red Giant phase of star evolution? How about a high mass star post Red Giant phase? Please see page 43, figure 3-3 in your Regents Review Book and READ!
Created by: whearn
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