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Chapter 12

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
air mass large volume of air that has the characteristics of the area over which it forms.
climate the long-term average of variation in weather for a particular area.
source region area over which an air mass forms.
weather the short-term variations in atmospheric phenomena that interact and affect the environment and life on Earth.
coriolis effect Effect of a rotating body that influences the motion of any object or fluid; on Earth, air moving north or south from the equator appears to move right or left, respectively.
front boundary between two air masses of differing densities; can be cold, warm, stationary, or occluded and can stretch over large areas of Earth's surface.
jet stream narrow wind band that occurs above large temperature contrasts and con flow as fast as 185 km/h.
polar easterlies global wind systems that lie between latitudes 60 N and 60 S and the poles and is characterized by cold air.
prevailing westerlies global wind system that lies between 30 and 60 north and south latitudes, where surface air moves toward the poles in an easterly direction.
trade winds two global wind systems that flow between 30 N and south latitudes, where air sinks, warms, and returns to the equator in a westerly direction.
anemometer weather instrument used to measure wind speed.
barometer instrument used to measure air pressure.
Doppler effect change in the wave frequency that occurs due to the relative motion of the wave as it moves toward or away from an observer.
hygrometer weather instrument used to measure humidity.
radiosonde balloon-borne weather instrument whose sensors measure air pressure, humidity, temperature, wind speed, and wind direction of the upper atmosphere.
thermometer instrument used to measure temperature using either Fahrenheit or Celsius scale.
analog forecast weather forecast that compares current weather patterns to patterns that occurred in the past.
digital forecast weather forecast that uses numerical data to predict how atmospheric variables change over time.
isobar line on a weather map connecting areas of equal pressure.
isotherm line on a weather map connecting areas of equal temperature.
station model record of weather data for a specific place at a specific time, using meteorological symbols.
Created by: kindredmcdaniel
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