Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
68c Ph2 Exam5
Intro to Resp
| nose | turbonates (conchae) paranasal sinuses smell receptors nasolacrimal ducts |
| pharynx | nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx eustachian tubes |
| external respiration | exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and environment |
| Internal Respiration | Exchange of O2 and CO2 at the cellular level |
| Bronchial tree | left and right bronchus bronchioles terminal bronchioles (alveolar ducts) alveoli |
| Gas exchange in lungs | via diffusion |
| blood from lungs then... | returns to heart via pulmonary veins for distribution to the body |
| visceral pluera | thin, moist serous membrane that coverst the surface of each lung |
| pariental pleura | thin, moist serous membrane that covers the thoracic cavity |
| pleural cavity | airtight vacuum that contains negative pressure that helps keep lungs inflated |
| right bronchus is | larger in diameter |
| what allows air to be inhaled and exhaled | rhythmic movements of the chest wall, ribs, and muscles |
| what regulates respiration | nervous control-medulla oblongata and pons of the brain chemoreceptors-in the carotid and aorta |
| surfactant | reduces surface tension |
| Right lung | more apt to recieve foreign body |
| reasons you may perform extensive respiratory assessment | chronic respiration or cardiac conditions; history of respiratory impairment related to trauma; recent surgery or anesthesia |
| subjective data | shortness of breath; dyspnea; cough |
| objective data | expression, chest movement, and respirations; respiratory distress, wheezes, or orthopmea; hypoxia; adventitious breath sounds (sibilan wheezes, sibilant wheezes, sonorous wheezes, crackles, pleural friction rubs ) |
| chest radiographs (Roentgenogram) is used to... | visualize the lungs + major thoracic vessels; view alterations in size & location of pulmonary structures; identifies lesions, infiltration, foregn bodies, or fluid; shows disorder involving the parachyma or interstitial spaces; |
| what can a Roentgenogram confirm | pneumothoraax, pneumonia, pleural effusion, and pulmonary edema |
| before a roentgenogram, what must be removed | any jewelry |
| what does Computed Tomography (CT) do | scans the lungs; can be viewed diagonal or cross-sectional requires patient teaching to decrease anxiety |
| Pulonary Function Test (PFT) is.... | performed to assess the large and small airways; obtain information on lung volume, ventilation, pulmonary spirometry, and gas exchange |
| what information does a pulmonary function test obtain | lung volume, inspiratory compacity, and total lung capacity |
| Mediastinoscopy | surgical endosopic procedure to obtain lumph nodes for biopsy for tumor diagnosis performed under general anesthesia |
| Laryngoscopy | allows for direct or indirect visualization of larynx requires local or general anestesia |
| Bronchoscopy | Exam for the tracheobronchial tree for abnormalities, tissue biopsy, secretions for cytological or bacteriological studies patient is treated as a surgical patient |
| nursing interventions for a bronchoscopy | *informed consent must be signed *NPO until gag reflexes return *Placed in semi-flowlers position and turned to one side *monitored for signs of laryngeal edema or spasms *monitor sputum for signs of hemorrhage if biopsy is taken |
| what are sputum specimens obtained for | microscopic evaluation |
| guidlines for sputum collection | *Inhale and exhale 3xs, inhale swiftly, cough forcefully, and expectorate into the steril sputum container *provide hypertonic saline aerosol mist if unable to raise sputum *if necessary, obtain sample through endotracheal suctioning |
| cytology studies | performed on sputum or pleural fluid to detect teh presence of abnormal or malignant cells |
| thoracentesis | surgical perforation of the chest wall and pleural space with a needle for the aspiration of fluid |
| nursing interventions for thoracentesis | *explain the procedure and obtain informed consent *procedure performed at bedside, sitting upright, and leaning over a bedside table or on side with affected side up |
| Nursing interventions for thoracentesis | *monitor VS, general appearance, and respiratory status *risk for subsequent pulmonary edema due to fluid shifts if >1300mL removed within a 30 minute procedure *place PT on unaffected side after procedure *obtain CXR after procedure |
| arterial blood gases (ABGs) | measure the lungs' ability to exchange o2 and co2 and the body's acid-base balance |
| normal ABG | pH 7.35-7.45 PaCO2 35-45 mmHg PaCO2 80-100 mmHg HCO2 22-28 mEq/L SaO2 >95% |
| oxygenation..carried in the bloodstream in two forms | oxygen dissolved in plasma-expressed as PaO2 oxygen combined with hemoglovin-expressed as SaO2 represents the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin |
| ventilation is.. | *respiratory component of acid-base balance *relationship between pH and PaCO2 *HCO3 is a measure of the metabolic component of acid-base *Kidneys respond to change in pH due to respiratory condition by wasting or retaining HCO3 |
| Allen's test is performed to... | check ulnar circulation before a radial artery stick *heparinized syringe to draw 3-5ml from artery *after obtained, pressure is held at the puncture site for five minutes *syringe is callped, labeled, placed in ice water and sent to lab for analysis |
| Pulse oximetry monitoring is | noninvasive method for continuous monitorig of SaO2; used to assess small changes in the respiratory status; the prove measures the amound of light being absorbed by oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and displays a percentage value |
| a Sa02 of _____ is needed to adequately replentish oxygen in the _____ | 90-100% plasma |
| An SaO2 below _____ is life threatening | 70% |
| Do not's with pulse ox | *attatch probe to extremity with diminished circulation *place probe over pulsating vascular bed *Avoid excess movement *hypothermia can affect readings *do not place in light |
Created by:
sydcpepper
Popular Nursing sets