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Chapter 11 Vocab
vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
troposphere | the layer closest to Earth's surface and contains most of the mass of the atmosphere |
stratosphere | second layer of the atmosphere in which air temperature mainly increases with altitude and conatins the ozone layer. |
mesosphere | third layer in the atmosphere and the temperature decreases with altitude |
thermosphere | fourth layer in the atmosphere where there is extremely low density |
exosphere | Is the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere. It extends from about 500 km to more than 10000 km above Earth's surface. There is no clear boundary at the top of the exosphere. |
radiation | The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves. |
conduction | The transfer of thermal energy between objects when their atoms or molecules collide. |
convection | The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of heated material from one place to another. |
temperature inversion | An increase in temperature with height in an atmospheric layer. |
humidity | The atmosphere of water vapor in the atmosphere of a certain location on Earth's surface. |
saturation | When the amount of water vapor in a volume of air has reached the maximum amount. |
relative humidity | The amount of water vapor in a volume of air relative to the amount of water vapor needed for that volume of air to reach saturation. It is expressed as a percentage. |
dew point | The temperature to which air must be cooled at a constant pressure to reach saturation. |
latent heat | The extra thermal energy contained in water vapor compared to liquid water. |
condensation nucleus | A small particle in the atmosphere around which water droplets form. |
orographic lifting | Occurs when an air mass is forced to rise over a topographic barrier. |
cumulus | Clouds are puffy, lumpy-looking clouds that usually occur below 2000 m. |
stratus | A type of cloud that forms below 2000 m. a layered sheetlike cloud that covers much or all of the sky in a given area. |
cirrus | Clouds that often have wispy, indistinct appearance. |
precipitation | All forms of water that fall from clouds to the ground. |
coalescence | Occurs when clouds droplets collide and join together to form a larger droplet. |