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Craniofacial
plastics review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tessier Cleft Number 0 involves what? | midline deformities of the upper lip and nose |
| Tessier cleft No. 3 manifests as | defect of the lower eyelids medial to the punctum, displacement of the medial canthus of the eyelid and hypoplasia of the medial canthal tendon |
| Which facial cleft is the most common sporadic facial cleft? | Tessier Cleft Number 7- macrostomia and absence of the zygomatic arch |
| Unilateral cleft lip results from | malunion of medial nasal and maxillary nasal prominence |
| What percent of isolated cleft palates will be associated with other anomalies | 50% |
| primary cleft palate results from | malunion of medial palantine process and lateral palantine process |
| Secondary cleft palate results from | malunion of lateral palantine process |
| levator veli pallatini muscular diastasis is also called | submucosal cleft- 15% associated with VPI |
| Diagnostic triad for the diagnosis of submucosal cleft | Zona pellucida, Bifid nasal spine, bifid uvula |
| Alveolar clefts are repaired by bone graft at ages | 8-10years old |
| levator veli palatini innervation and function | pharyngeal plexus, a derivative of the vagus (X) nerve, pharyngeal closure |
| tensor veli palatini innervation and function | tense and lower the soft palate, and opens the eustachian tube, V2 of trigeminal nerve |
| Describe angle's classification of mandibular occlusion | Class I, normal occlusion. ,Class II, retroocclusion or mandibular deficiency. C: Class III, prognathic occlusion (maxillary deficiency or mandibular access). |
| Overbite | distance b/t maxillary and mandibular incisors in vertical plane |
| Overjet | distance b/t maxillary and mandibular incisors in horizontal plane |
| Aplasia Cutis Congenita | Scalp defect most commonly occurring in midline of the vertex Associated with skull defect, +/- exposure of dura |
| Treatment of Aplasia Cutis Congenita | Spontaneous resolution frequent Treatment = silvadene dressing changes to prevent dessication and infection |
| Nerve at greatest risk during excision of Congenital Branchial Sinus/Fistula | hypoglossal nerve CN XII |
| Velocardiofacial Syndrome is also called | Shprintzen Syndrome |
| Velocardiofacial Syndrome- genetics | Autosomal dominant Deletion of long arm of chromosome 22, detected with FISH test |
| Features of Velocardiofacial Syndrome | cleft palate, Velopharyngeal insufficiency, Cardiac abnormalities in 80%, 40-50% with microcephaly, Abnormalities of internal carotid arteries |
| Pierre Robin Sequence- triad | micrognathia, cleft palate, and retroglossoptosis |
| Stickler's Syndrome features | Autosomal dominant, Myopia in infancy, Retinal detachment Progressive blindness, +/- cataracts, Pierre robin Sequence |
| Van der Woude’s Syndrome | Autosomal dominant with variable penetrance,Cleft lip or palate Lip pits seen in 80% (represents accessory salivary glands) May be missing central or lateral incisors No other significant associated craniofacial anomalies |
| Gorlin Syndrome | Autosomal dominant,Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome,Multiple basal cell carcinomas appear early in adolescence, Skeletal anomalies, calcification of the falx cerebri, and nasal deformities Palmar and plantar pits |
| Gardner Syndrome | Autosomal dominant Colon polyps Desmoid tumors Osteomas of the skull and mandible |
| Ollier’s Disease | ascular malformations Multiple enchondromas in hands and long bones Enchondromas may undergo sarcomatous degeneration |
| Apert Syndrome genetics | Autosomal dominant Associated with abnormality of FGFR2 |
| Apert Syndrome features | Turribrachycephaly – (coronal sutures most commonly involved) Midface hypoplasia High arched palate +/- cleft Hypertelorism Flat elongated forehead Bitemporal widening Severe complex syndactyly – involves middle three digits of hands and feet |
| Crouzon Syndrome genetics | Autosomal dominant Associated with abnormality of FGFR2 |
| Crouzon Syndrome features | Craniosynostosis with variable involvement of Coronal, Sagittal, and Lambdoid sutures Turribrachycephaly is most common Midface hypoplasia Nystagmus Strabismus Optic nerve atrophy Conductive hearing loss Axial skeletal deformities |
| Pfeiffer Syndrome features | Craniosynostosis – turribrachycephaly most common Mild cutaneous syndactyly of second and third digits Distinguished by presence of enlarged bulbous thumbs and halluces |
| Pfeiffer Syndrome Genetics | Autosomal dominant Associated with FGFR1 and FGFR2 genes |
| 7 bones of the orbit | frontal bone, maxilla, zygoma, ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine, sphenoid |
| Most common mandible fracture in adults? | Angle (35%), then parasymphysis (24%), then body (18%) |
| Most common mandible fracture in children? | Condylar Fractures |
| Indications for Open Reduction of Condyle | Displacement into the middle cranial fossa Impossibility of obtaining adequate dental occlusion by closed Lateral extracapsular displacement of the condyle Invasion by a foreign body (e.g.. a bullet from a gunshot wound) |
Created by:
sschulzdoc
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