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Apologia Chem Mod 09
Apologia Chemistry Module 9 (fixed)
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Polyatomic ions | Ions which are formed when a group of atoms gains or loses electrons |
Ammonium | NH₄⁺ |
Hydroxide | OH⁻ |
Chlorate | ClO₃⁻ |
Chlorite | ClO₂⁻ |
Nitrate | NO₃⁻ |
Nitrite | NO₂⁻ |
Acetate | C₂H₃O₂⁻ |
Cyanide | CN⁻ |
Carbonate | CO₃²⁻ |
Chromate | CrO₄²⁻ |
Dichromate | Cr₂O₇²⁻ |
Sulfate | SO₄²⁻ |
Sulfite | SO₃²⁻ |
Phosphate | PO₄³⁻ |
VSEPR theory (valence shell electron pair repulsion) | Molecules will attain whatever shape keeps the valence electrons of the central atom as far apart from one another as possible |
With 2 atoms or 2 groups of electrons around the central atom, the shape is _______ | linear, with bond angles of 180° |
With 3 groups of electrons around the central atom, the shape is _______ | trigonal, with bond angles of 120° |
With 4 groups of electrons around the central atom, the basic shape is _______ | a tetrahedron |
With every non-binding pair of electrons, the bond angle in the tetrahedron shape becomes (smaller, larger) | smaller |
Purely covalent bond | A covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally between the atoms involved (identical atoms) |
Polar covalent bond | A covalent bond in which the electrons are share unequally between the atoms involved (different atoms) |
Polar covalent compounds can dissolve ... | ... polar covalent compounds AND ionic compounds (both contain electrical charges) |
Purely covalent compounds can dissolve ... | ... only purely covalent compounds (no electrical charges are present) |