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chapter 3
Rocks
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is a rock? | A rock is any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet |
What is igneous rock? | Igneous rock is a rock that forms when magma or lava cools and solidifies |
What is sedimentary rock? | Sedimentary rock is a rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented |
What is Metamorphic rock? | Metamorphic rock is any rock that has been changed by heat, pressure, or fluids |
What is the rock cycle? | The rock cycle is the cycle in which rocks changed into different forms |
What is magma? | Magma is molten material that forms deep beneath earth's surface |
What is Lava? | Lava is magma that has reached the surface |
What is weathering? | Weathering is a process in which rocks are physically and chemically changed by air, water, and living things |
What are sediments? | Sediments are pieces of weathered rocks |
What is an intrusive igneous rock? | An intrusive igneous rock is a rock that forms when magma hardens beneath earth's surface |
What is an extrusive igneous rock? | An extrusive igneous rock is a rock that forms when lava hardens |
Ultramafic | The chemical composition of peridotite |
What type of chemical composition does basalt have? | Basaltic |
What type of chemical composition does granite have? | Granitic |
What type of chemical composition does diorite have? | Andesitic |
What type of texture does rhyolite have? | Fine-grained |
What is erosion? | Erosion involves weathering and the removal of rock |
What is deposition? | When an agent of erosion loses energy, it drops the sediments. This process is called deposition |
What is cementation? | Cementation takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among the sediments |
What is compaction? | Compaction is a process that squeezes, or compacts, sediments |