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Hematology
RBC Morphology, Anemia, Hemoglobinopathy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal size of RBC | 6.8 to 7.5 micrometer |
| Poikilocytosis | many shapes. |
| Acanthocyte | multiple thorny, spike like irregularly |
| Blister Cell | Pyknocytes. one or more vacuoles. |
| Burr Cells | Echinocytes. RBC with one or more knobby projections. |
| Ellliptocytes | sausage or rod shaped. |
| Helmet Cells | Schizocyte. larger scopped out part. ruptured blister |
| Schistocyte | fragment. |
| Sickle cell | depanocyte. crescents |
| Spherocyte | compact and very round |
| Stomatocytes | Slit like opening resembles a coffee bean. |
| Target Cells | Codocytes. Bulls eye |
| Teardrop | Dacryocyte. teardrop |
| Basophilic stippling | Tiny, round dark granules. associated with lead poisoning and sever anemias |
| Cabot rings | Loop shaped inclusions. remnants of mitotic spindles. |
| Heinz bodies | Denatured hemoglobin. Hemolytic anemia, G6PD deficiencies and hemolytic anemia |
| Howell-Jolly Bodies | Small with only 1-2 per cell DNA remnants. |
| Pappenheimer bodies | Siderotic granules. iron inclusions. |
| Ziemanns stippling | Dust fine pink dots in malaria |
| Hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC counts | Decreased |
| Shift to the left | Increase in immature cells |
| Chronic blood loss results in | hypochromic,microytic cells |
| Aplastic anemia | hypoproliferative disorder of pluripotiential or erythroid stem cells |
| Fanconi's Anemia | form of aplastic anemia. Inherited autosomal recessive gene. |
| Iron Deficiency Anemia | Hemoglobin, hematocrit decreased. |
| Megaloblastic Anemia | Absence of B12 and folic Acid |
| Megloblastic anemia lab findings | hemoglobin low. MCV and MCH increased. Macrocytes, ovalocytes, hyperseg |
| Shillings test | evidence of impaired B12 absorption correctly by intrinsic factor. |
| Osmotic Fragility Test | Phospholipid bilayer of the rbc membrane. hypotonic solution. |
| Hemolytic anemias | common anti u, anti lw, anti kell, jak or fya |
| hemoglobinopathy | genetic disorder. most caused by a single amino acid substitution. abnormal molecular structure |
| Examples of hemoglobinopathys | sickle cell and thalasemias |
| Normal adult hemoglobin levels | HbA-95%, HbA2 2%,HbA1 3%, HbF less then 1% |
| Sickle cell Genetics | AS-trait. ss-disease. Substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the 6th position. |
| Benefit of having the sickle cell trait | less chance for malaria parasite P. falciparum |
| Patients with sickle disease have | 80% Hbs and HbF up to 20% |
| Sickle C disease | absence of HbA. Presence of hemoglobin S and C |
| Thalassemia | imbalance of globin chains available for hemoglobin dimer construction. |
| Beta Thalassemia | single gene , beta chain disorder on chromosome 11. increased retics,bilirubin, iron and TIBC, HBF |
| Beta Thalassemia minor | trait. mild anemia |
| Beta Thalassemia major | Cooley's Anemia. Severe anemia. ineffective erythropoeisis. |
| Alpha Thalassemia | deletions that remove one or both alpha globin genes from chromosome 16. 4 types. Found in S. Asia, Middle East. |
| Hemoglobin H Disease | Alpha Thalassemia. 3 inactive genes. 4-30% HbH on electrophoresis. |
| Hydrops Fetalis with Hb Barts. | Alpha Thalassemia. four inactive genes. |
| Hemoglobin E Disease | Results from the substitution of lysine for glutamic acid on the beta globin chain on the 26 position. |
| Cells in chronic anemias appear | hypochromic and microcytic |
| Characteristically found on a smear peripheral smear in a case of anemia | poik, bao stippling, pappenheimer bodies,cabot rings, heinz bodies. |
| RBC of 9 micometers and MCV of 104fl | Macrocyte |
| Inclusion of DNA remnant | Howell-Jolly Body |
| Common cause of hyochromic anemia | Iron deficiency anemia |
| Microcytosis in reflected by | Decreased MCV |
| glycolytic enzyme deficiency associated with Pentose Phosphate pathway. aerobic pathway | G6PD |
| Megaloblastic anemia findings | maco-ovalocytes,Hyperseg neuts,Howell-Jolly bodies |
| Sleep associated blood in the urine and intravascular hemolysis | Paroxymal Noctural Hemoblobinuria |
| Thalassemia described as | abnormal rate of globin chain synthesis |
| Megloblastic | abnormal marrow erthrocyte resulting in macrocytes |
| AOI/ACD | inflammation or chronic disorder |
| Hereditary Spherocytosis | inherited hemolytic anemia/membrane defect |
| Autoimmune hemolytic | increase RBC destruction due to antibodies bound to RBC |
| Embden-Meyerhof Pathway | Major source of cellular energy. net gain 2 atp. |
| Luebering Rapoport Pathway | Oxygen carrying capacity of and rbc |
| MCV average volume of rbc | hct/rbc count |
| MCH Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin | hemoglobin/rbc count |
| MCHC hemoglobin concentration | hemoglobin/hct |
Created by:
Kateskate
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