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Science

6th Grade Earth Science Chapter 10 Study Guide

TermDefinition
Weathering Process by which rock is broken down by physical or chemical processes.
Erosion Process by which wind, water, ice or gravity transports sediment.
Deposition Process in which eroded material is laid down.
Mechanical Weathering Breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means.
Chemical Weathering Process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions.
River System A network or streams and rivers that drains an area of its runoff.
Abrasion The grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces through mechanical action of other rock or sand particles.
Acid Precipitation Rain, sleet, or snow that contains high concentrations of acid.
Mass Movement (Rock fall, landslide, lahar, creep) A movement of a section of land down a slope; can be sudden or slow.
Watershed An area of land drained by a water system.
Tributary A stream that flows into a lake or larger stream.
Soil A mixture of rock fragments, organic material (humus), water, and air that supports growth of vegetation.
Soil Conservation Method to maintain the fertility of the soil by protecting the soil from erosion and nutrient loss; examples include crop rotation, no-till farming, and terracing.
Differential weathering Process by which softer rock weathers faster leaving behind harder, more weather resistant rocks.
What causes rust and what is the scientific term for this process? Rust is a chemical reaction in which an element such as iron combines with oxygen to form an oxide; oxidation is the scientific term for rust.
What are some causes of mechanical weathering? Ice, wind, water, gravity, plants, and animals are agents of mechanical weathering.
What are some causes of chemical weathering? water, acids, and air are agents of chemical weathering.
Describe soil conservation techniques (no-till farming, crop rotation, terracing, contour plowing, etc.)
Contour plowing planting across the slope to prevent erosion/runoff
Crop rotation planting different crops in different sections of the field each year.
Terracing changing a farm on a steep hill into a series of smaller, flatter fields.
No-till farming leaving old, dead stalks to cover the ground.
What part of the soil contains the most humus? The topsoil (horizon A) contains the most organic material (humus)
What is humus? humus is the dark, organic material in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals.
What process(es) created the Grand Canyon? The Grand Canyon was carved out over millions of years by running water (the Colorado River). This water eroded the rock layers.
Created by: gjenkins2
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