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Earth Science vocab
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Syncline | Downward fold of a rock. |
Epicenter | Is right above the focus most of the damage from the earthquake usually occurs there. |
Vents | Cracks in the earth's surface. |
Volcano | Are areas of earth's surface through which magma and volcanic gases pass. |
Geology | The study of orgin history, structure and process that shape earth. |
Divergent Boundary | The place where plates move apart from each other. |
Transform | Place where plates slide past each other. |
Convergent Boundary | Place where plates Collide. |
Theory of Continental Drift | The belief that continents moved to the position they are in the present. |
Pangea | Supercontinent; all continents joined as one. |
Tectonic Plates | Set of jigsaw-like pieces that slowly move on the Earth's crust. |
Anticlines | Upward fold of a rock. |
Fault Block | Crack in the crust. |
Focus | The point where an earthquake starts. |
Seismic waves | Waves that travel out from an earthquake. |
Magma | Molten Rock. |
Magma Chamber | Is a body of molten rock deep underground that feeds a volcano. |
Pyroclastic flow | Flows are produced when enormus amounts of hot ash, dust, and gases are ejected from a volcano. |
Inner Core | Is located at the center of the earth and is composed of nickel and iron. |
Outer Core | Only liquid layer between the Inter core and mantle. |
Mantle | The thickest layer made of hot rock. |
Crust | The thinnest layer that surrounds the earth that is hard and rigid. |
Weathering | The breaking down of the lithosphere by the wind, ice, plants, animals and chemical changes. |
Principle of uniformity | The process that have changed out world still changes today. |
Mechanical Weathering | The process of breaking down rocks to smaller pieces. |
Chemical weathering | The process that alters mineral composition. |
Primary Wave | Travels the fastest. |
Secondary wave | Slower than the primary wave. |
Subsurface | Below the surface of the earth. |
Lava | Magma that flows into the earth's surface. |
Surface wave | The only wave that doesn't start inside the earth. |
Pyroclastic flow | Flows are produced when enormous amounts of hot ash, dust, and gases are ejected from a volcano. |
Viscosity (Viscous) | Having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid; having a high viscosity. |
Crater | Is a funnel-shaped hole around the central vent. |
Caldera | A large, semicircular depression that forms when the magma chamber below a volcano partially empties and causes the ground above to sink. |
Rock Cycle | The series of rock changes from one form to another. |
Erosion | The process by which wind, water, ice or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another. |
Deposition | The process in which material is laid down. |
Igneous Rocks | Rocks formed by cooling of lava and magma. |
Sedimentary Rocks | Rocks formed through deposition and sediment in layers. |
Metamorphic rocks | Rocks that was once formed and now has changed to another by heat and pressure. |
Intrusive Rocks | Rocks formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the earth surface. |
Extrusive Igneous Rocks | Rocks that forms as a result of volcanic activity at or near the earth's surface. |
Strata | Layers of Rock (singular, stratum. |
Stratsafaction | The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers. |
Index Minerals | Used to estimate the temperature, depth and pressure of which a rock undergoes metamorphism. |
Foliated | The texture of a metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands. |
Non Foliated | The texture of a metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands. |