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Chapter 5 Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
electromagnetic radiation | A form of energy exhibiting wavelike behavior as it travels through space. |
wavelength | The shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave. |
frequency | The number of waves that pass a given point per second. |
amplitude | the height of a wav from the origin to a crest, or from the origin to a trough |
electromagnetic spectrum | Includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation. |
quantum | The minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom. |
planck's constant | where J is the symbol for the joule. |
photoelectric effect | A phenomenon in which photoelectrons are emitted form a metal's surface when light of a certain frequency shines on the surface. |
photon | A particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy. |
atomic emission spectrum | A set of frequencies of electromagnetic waves given off by atoms of an element; consists of a series of fine lines of individual colors. |
Ground state | The lowest allowable energy state of an atom. |
quantum number | The number assigned to each orbit of an electron. |
de broglie equation | Predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics and relates each particles wavelength to its frequency, its mass, and plank's constant. |
heisenberg uncertainty principle | State that it is not possible to know precisely both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time. |
quantum mechanical model of the atom | An atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves; also called the wave mechanical model of the atom. |
atomic orbital | A three dimensional region around the nucleus of an atom that describes an electron's probable location. |
principal quantum number | Assigned by the quantum mechanical model to indicate the relative sizes and energies of atomic orbitals. |
principal energy level | The major energy levels of an atom. |
energy sublevel | The energy levels contained within a principal energy level. |
electron configuation | The arrangement of electrons in an atom, which is prescribed by three rules the aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule. |
aufbau principle | States that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available. |
pauli exclusion principle | States that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital but only if the electrons have opposite spins. |
hund's rule | States that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals |
valence electron | The electron in an atom's outer most orbitals. |
electron-dot structure | Consists of an element's symbol, representing the atomic nucleus and inner-level electrons, that is surrounded by dots, representing the atom's valence electrons. |