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Music of the World
Music of the World's People Final. MHIS 006
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| khandan | Chanting of the Q'ran (not just spoken). Middle East |
| musiqi | Polar opposite of Khandan (evil music). Middle East |
| radif | Book of Persian classical music(like a fake book), play and improvise 12 different chapters, each chapter devoted to 2 scales (dastgahs). Emotional mood created by scales. Middle East |
| dastgah | A collection or system of many short related melodies called gusheh. Middle East |
| daramad | A gusheh with the specific function of starting an iranian dastgah performance Middle East |
| gusheh | 10-20 secondary melodies in dastgah's. Middle East |
| Umm Kulthum | Artist that chanted the Q'ran, spoke arabic, home grown Egyptian singer. "Voice of Egypt". Middle East |
| Kurdistan | Not an actual country, where kurds live (Middle of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria). Mountain people with 1 scale music. Middle East |
| maqam | 7 note scale (sounds like western major scale except for notes 3 and 7). Muslim call to prayer is often recited using this scale. Middle East |
| kamancheh | Bowed fiddle. Fairly small, thin sound. dry and brittle sound. Sounds like violin. Middle East |
| sehtar | 4 stringed no high pitch and has a flute like long neck. Middle east |
| tar | deep tuned, less refined and looks like the inside of the piano. Middle East |
| santour | 3-4 stringed trapezoid shaped instrument. All tuned to the same pitch. Small mallet hammers to hit each string. Middle East |
| dombak (zarb) | Percussion drum, goblet shaped, big or small and deep sound in the middle while a high sound on the outer sides. Middle East |
| ney (nai) | In-blown flute, breathy, not a lot of tone. Folk instrument. Middle East |
| zorna | Very loud, double reed (oboe), looks like flute with trumpet end. Tip in mouth blown hard, outside instrument and found in Kurdistan. Middle East |
| pishdaramad | Intro, all instruments play, heterophony (play at the same time), santor, tar, dumbak (camanche instruments). Middle East |
| chahar mezrab | Usually solo, fast, out of rhythm, no steady beat, santor, more khan dan (middle) in suite short piece. Middle East |
| avaz | Mostly sung, rare instrumental, like khan dan (out of rhythm), improvisation basedon melodies, woman singing. Two types: Chest voice and Head voice (men often sing avaz). Middle East |
| tasnif | Traditional song, heterophony in instruments, singing, sounds western, clear beat, 3 meter, composed music and more musiqi style. Middle East |
| reng | Fast instrumental dance, musiqi side, variety of sounds, taboo to khan dan music. Middle East |
| Hula Kahiko | Ancient music and dance. Prior to the Europeans, singing and chant. Dancing with little clothes. Polynesia/ Hula and Tahitian drumming |
| Hula 'Auana | Modern Hula, harmony to music, more clothing cover and westernized. Polynesia/ Hula and Tahitian drumming |
| mele | Story of a song, chant itself and motions of the dancer tell a story. Polynesia/ Hula and Tahitian drumming |
| ipu heke | Used in Hula Kahiko, instrument, Polynesia |
| to'ere | Log drum, iron wood (very hard) and played with triangle sticks, fast complicated rhythms. Polynesia/ Hula and Tahitian drumming |
| vivo | Nose flute, nose to be the purest part.Polynesia/ Hula and Tahitian drumming |
| Merrie Monarch Festival | Competitions, annual festival, Super Bowl of Hawaiian music. Invite-only festival, has both Hula Auana and kahiko. Polynesia/ Hula and Tahitian drumming |
| Jake Shimabukuro | Incredible ukulele player. Polynesia/ Hula and Tahitian drumming |
| sitar | Sympathetic strings, guitar looking, huge, thick neck, bass made of dried pumpkin, curved bridges across strings. India |
| sarangi | Hindustani bowed violin looking, sympathetic strings, sound alike sitar. India |
| bansuri | Hindustani flute and mellow. India |
| tabla | Drums, multiple sounds with tar in the middle. India |
| tambura | 4 stringed instrument. India |
| vina | 7 stringed, long necked loot. India |
| sarod | Stringed instrument, guitar looking, sympathetic strings that echo. India |
| mridangam | Two-headed drum, heavy sound, does not have range of the tabla, south Indian music. India |
| tala | Rhythmic cycle. India |
| raga | Expressive modes, the scale. India |
| Hindustani tradition | Traditional Indian music from North India |
| Karnatak tradition | Traditional Indian music from South India |
| Vedic chants | Ancient poetry, influential to hindu religion, chanted in a particular way but never recited, steps to a raga. India |
| sympathetic strings | Each of a group of additional wire strings fitted to certain stringed instruments to give extra resonance. India |
| alap – jor – jhala - gat | Tabla starts rhythm. The first part of the elaboration of the raga called alap.The function of jor (literally means 'join') rhythm starts. Jhala increase in tempo repetition. Gat (crazy fast). India |
| kriti | Part of the song when the drums come in, and the soloist plays the predetermined song that the performance was based on. Songs unique to the Southern tradition, composed. India |
| Thyagaraja | Composer, 19th century. India |
| Ravi Shankar | Famous Sitar player, taught beatles member to play sitar, India |
| Ali Akbar Khan | established school in Northern California. India |
| Salmon Rushdie | author, uses humor, wrote Midnight's Children and Santanic verses, India |
| Bollywood | Makes a lot of movies, long films with music, dance, melodrama, traditionally very censored, India |
| pallavi–anupalavi-caranam | Palavi= composed, reframe. Anupallavi= composed, reverse reframe, comes back to 1st Caranam= free improvise that ends with palavi. India |
| scruti | Considered the smallest interval of pitch that the human ear can detect. India |
| gamelan | A set of instruments unified by their tuning and particular carving and painting patterns. The instruments are mainly bronze gongs and met allophones.One bronze smith makes all the instruments. Indonesia |
| gender | xylophone with bronze keys, played with mallets and hammers, Indonesia |
| bonang | Gongs that are laid flat, used in gamelan, Indonesia |
| kendang | Large drum laid on its side, Indonesia |
| suling | In-blown flute, high sound, Indonesia |
| rebab | Bowed string instrument, Indonesia |
| gong ageng | Biggest gong in a gamelan and where the spirit of the gamelan resides, Indonesia |
| pélog | 7-note scale, Indonesia |
| sléndro | 5-note scale, Indonesia |
| kecak (ketjak) | Gamelan style vocally, traditionally done at a healing ceremony, Indonesia |
| colotomic pattern | The way a rhythm is organized, 16, 32, etc. beat cycle,Gong ageng sounds on last beat of cycle, Indonesia |
| gamelan gong kebyar | Balinese style to an extreme, flashy, Indonesia |
| wayang kulit | Shadow puppets, accompanied by gamelan, Indonesia |
| Javanese style | A style more traditional, slower, Indonesia |
| Balinese style | A style more for entertainment, fast, complex patterns, sudden changes, Indonesia |
| Ballads | Songs that tell stories, passed down orally, very dramatic with a lot of death, European Folk |
| Chieftains | 1960s, traditional keltic and english music, European Folk |
| The Pogues | Irish band, early in punk genre, European Folk |
| Troubadours/Trouveres | wrote folk songs for nobility, European Folk |
| cantor | Solo male singer for a Jewish service, uses a mournful sound, European Folk |
| Klezmer | Generic term for Jewish music, band music, clarinet used as cantour, European Folk |
| flamenco | guitars with fast strumming, usually accompanies dance, uses hand percussion instruments, singing influence from Middle East, European Folk |
| fado | Portuguese, sounds like the blues, slow, European Folk |
| Bela Bartok | Composer from Hungary, one of the 1st enthnomusiclogists to Hungarian Folk music, European Folk |
| Claude Debussy | 1st modern composer, influenced by asian music, wrote static music, experimented with penatonic scale, Blendings |
| John Cage | Studied Zen Buddhism, interested in silence, infamous piece "4'33" which is complete silence, the music is the noise from the audience, influenced by gamelan, he wrote for prepared piano, Blendings |
| avant garde | Music heard in 20th century after WWII, makes you question whether this is music, Blendings |
| prepared piano | putting things (strews, rubber, paperclip, etc) inside the strings of a piano to change the sound, Blendings |
| Toru Takemitsu | Part of avant garde movement, wrote for western orchestras, November Steps is most famous piece , Blendings |
| Lou Harrison | Part of avant garde movement, California composer who wrote for gamelan and western instruments, Blendings |
| Steve Reich | Part of the minimalism movement, he learned African drumming and added that technique to his own music, Blendings |
| Phillip Glass | Part of the Minimalism movement, He liked gamelan and Indian music, collaborated with Ravi Shankar and made Ragas in the minor key, Blendings |
| minimalism | Movement that occurred in Mid 1960s to 1970s which took something small and amplified it, Blendings |
| Oregon | A band with Jazz musicians that includes Indian instruments, Blendings |
| John McLaughlin | Formed a modern rock band called Mahavishnu, Blendings |
| Shakti | A band with John McLaughlin playing guitar and two Indian musicans, influenced by Indian music, Blendings |
| Tan Dun | raised in China, studied Chinese Folk music, writes for Western Orchastras, Blendings |
| Rudresh Mahanthappa | Learned Indian music after he was an established jazz musican, Blendings |
| Bela Fleck | progressive banjo player, went to Africa to study Banjo roots, Blendings |
| Anoushka Shankar | Ravi Shankar's daughter, works with artists from different genres, Blendings |
| Muddy Waters | Late 1940s-1950s blues artist, "Houchie Couchie" American Roots |
| Robert Johnson | 1930s blues artist, had his own take on 12 bar blues, 1st blues artist to be recorded. Died at 27 with alcohol poisoning, thought to have sold soul to the devil, American Roots |
| Leadbelly | He was discovered by Lomax who got him out of prison. 1950s blues artist, American Roots |
| Woody Guthrie | He captured the working man's experience during the great depression & dust bowl. Songs usually have dark lyrics with a happy voice, American Roots |
| Pete Seeger | He dropped out of Harvard to play banjo professionally. Blacklisted as a communist so he did children's albums,American Roots |
| Almanac Singers | political activism music group with Pete Seeger, Woody Guthrie, and others,American Roots |
| blues | derived from Jazz, American Roots |
| bluegrass | the coming together of fiddle tunes, church hymns, and guitar playing. Fast music with vocal harmonies,American Roots |
| Bill Monroe | Was a member of the Bluegrass boys, one of the 1st bluegrass players. American Roots |
| Carter Family | Trio who sang church hymns and traditional folk music. Band broke up and June Carter was a part of the 2nd group. American Roots |
| Hank Williams | 1st country singer, died young from alcohol poisoning, American Roots |
| Les Paul | Guitar Player, invented the solid body electric guitar, American Roots |
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jazzisaur
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