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ch 16 and 19
Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 naturally occurring catecholamines | norepinephrine/ dopamine epinephrine |
| how do anitmigranine products decrease pain | decrease lumen of the blood vessel |
| why are 5 HT agonists not given to p/t with ischemic hear disease or cario problems | cause coronary heart disease |
| cholinergic drug overdose causes what? | cholinergic crisis |
| herbal meds for migraines with interactions? | feverfew ginkgo |
| what increases absorption of anti migraine agents | caffeine |
| abruptly stopping migraine agents result in? | rebound headaches |
| stomach upset r/t naratriptan will be reduced by? | taking it with food |
| antimigraine meds considered safe during pregnacy | Migranal |
| following conditions that might cause seizures | head injury brain tumor meningitis |
| 4 major drug groups used for seizuires | hydantoins barbiturates succinimides benzodiazepines |
| Barbiturates have long duration of action and used primarily as anticonvuslatns to? | reduce nerve impulses going to the brain |
| 2 most common a/e to barbiturates | respiratory depression lethargy |
| herbal products that decrease effects of seizues | bitter melon ginkgo gymnema |
| why do older adults require decreased does of barbiturates | metabolize slower |
| drug class used for anticonconvusant/sedative | barbiturate |
| benzodiazepines that treat sezeuires | diazepam clonazepam clorazepate |
| benzodiazepine drug of choice for treating status epilepticus | diazepam |
| benzodiazepine overdose symptoms | drowsiness confusion impaired gait weakness |
| may interact with benzodiazepines | anticonvusants alcohol antidepressants |
| causes daytime drowsiness | phenobarbital |
| most common anticonvuslsant | Dilantin |
| hydantions cause? | gum overgrowth |
| class of anticonvulsants that interfere with some lab tests? | hydantions |
| p/t teaching r/t dilantin | avoid alcohol |
| eye jerking with dilantin is? | common |
| a/e of succinimides | dizziness night terrors hyperactivity |
| treat N, V, vertigo? | antidopaminergics 5 HT receptor anticholinergics |
| drugs used for vertigo | meclizine dimenhydrinate |
| most common s/e of antihistamines | sedation |
| 2 herbal products used for motion sickness | ginger peppermint |
| when should p/t take med to prevent motion sickness | 30 min prior |
| antihistamine with no effect on motion sickness | diphendydramine |
| pharmacologic actions of antiparkinsonsian agents | block uptake of acetylcholine increase functional levels of dopamine |
| 2 drug categories used for parkinsons | anticholinergics dopaminergics |
| 2 herbal products used to relieve parkinson symptoms | grape seed gingko |
| toxicity of dopaminergic agent | muscle twitching bleoharospasm |
| 2 dopaminergic agents used to treat parkinson | carbidopa levodopa |
| dopaminergic/anticholinergic cause with long term use? | dystonia(impaired muscle tone) akinesia(involuntary muscle movement) |
| antihistamine used for parkinson | diphenydramine |
| a/e of antiparkinsonian agents | abdominal pain urinary problems intermittent winking/muscle twitching |
| antiparkinsonsian agents can cause? | glacoma |
| anxiety meds can make you feel? | helpless inability to concentrate irritability |
| anti anxiety - short term why? | addictive |
| anti anxiety can be used for? | muscle spams prior to cardioversion delirium r/t alcohol withdrawal |
| decrease GI distress with Benzodiazepines | take with food |
| avoid with Xanax | no smoking/caffeine (decrease effect) |
| antianxiety agents impair? | physical cognitive function mental alterness |
| 3 major med categories that treat depression? | MAOIs Tricyclic antidepressants SSRIs |
| tricyclic antidepressants work by? | interfering with norepinephrine/serotonin |
| Tricyclic are preferred over MAOI's because? | less a/e |
| 2 antihypertensives with no effect with tricyclic antidepressants | guanethidine clonidine |
| 2 a/e with tricyclic/MAOIs together | hypertension hyperphyrexia |
| MAOIs work by? | block inactivation of biogenic amines |
| herbal product for depression | st.johns wort |
| wellburtin a/e | seizures |
| celexa used for | depression alcoholism panic disorder |
| avoid with MAOIs | cheese pickled hearing avocados soy sauce |
| antipsychotic drugs treat? | schizophrenia organic brain syndrome mania |
| increase effects of phenothiazines | barbiturates |
| antipsychotic agents s/e | decreased respiration decreased cough reflex |
| abruptly stopping phenothiazines will? | dyskinesia(involuntary muscle movements) |
| Phenothiazines take how long to work? | several weeks |
| phenothiazine overdose | exaggerated CNS depression cardiac dysrythmias extraphyrdmidal symptoms |
| phenothiazine = avoid sweating/ increased urination | perspire is decreased |
| Lithium is unique because | used for manic states |
| Lithium overdose | diarrhea muscle weakness |
| lithium a/e | rash drowsiness hypotension |
| lithium p/t teaching | increase h2o intake no caffeine (r/t constipation) |
| hypnotic means? | sleep |
| sedative means? | relaxation |
| herbal products for insomnia | valerian kava kava chamomile |
| 3 groups that produce sedative-hypotic effects | benzodiazepines chloral derivatives piperidine derivatives |
| safest sedative-hypnotic | benzodiazepines |
| sedative-hypnotic p/t teaching | tolerance |
| antacidds contain what? | magnesium |
| anticoagulant interferes with which H2 blocker the most | tagamet |
| Best time to take potassium pump inhibitors? | before meals |
| 1st line therapy for peptic ulcer treatment | H2 blocker |
| drugs that treat diarrhea/ increase bowel motility | antispasmodics anticholinergics antidiarrheals |
| primary use of anticholinergic-antispasmadic agents | irritable colon peptic ulcer |
| action of antidiarrheals | reduce amount of H2O in the stool decrease peristalsis |
| causes urinary retention? | antidiarrheals |
| non OTC antidiarrheal | Lomotil |
| common a/e of anticholinergics | dysphagia rapid/weak pulse dilated pupils |
| common a/e of laxatives | abdominal cramping diarrhea |
| senna p/t teaching | stool change to yellow color |
| used for gallstones | Actigall |
| How often pancreatic enzymes should be given? | with meals and snacks |
| herbal product for heartburn/indigestion? | ginger |
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