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Chemistry
Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Atom | Smallest piece of matter that has the same properties of the element it is in. |
Proton | A positive subatomic particle in the atoms nucleus. Is the identify of the element and atomic number. |
Neutron | A neutral subatomic particle in the atom's nucleus... has no charge and most of the mass. |
Electron | A negative subatomic particle spinning outside of the nucleus of an atom. |
Element | The simplest forms of matter that contain only one type of atom. |
Periodic Table of Elements | A chart that organizes all the elements by atomic number and properties. |
Valence Electron | The electron in the outer level of an atom that causes atoms to bond together. |
Chemical Bond | An interaction that holds 2 atoms together |
Chemical Bonding | The joining of atoms to form new substances. |
Ionic Bond | Is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom |
Ion | Charged particle or atom that gained or lost electrons. |
Crystal Lattice | Repeating, 3 dimensional pattern that forms when Ions bond |
Covalent Bond | The type of bond that forms when atoms share electrons instead of transferring them. |
Metallic Bond | A special bond between metal ions and the electrons that swim around them. |
Malleability | Metals can be pounded into thin sheets. |
Ductility | Metals can be stretched and drawn into wires |
Electrical Conductivity | Metal can conduct or carry electricity through wires. |
Thermal Conductivity | Metal can conduct or carry heat in order to cook food. |
Electron Dot Diagram | An easy way to show the valence electrons in an atom or chemical bond. |
Compound | A set of elements that are chemically bonded and changed into a new substance. |
Chemical Formula | A shorthand way to use chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance. |
Chemical Equation | Uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products. |
Subscript | Small number to the right of the element that shows how many atoms there are of the element. |
Coefficient | The large number that multiplies atoms of the element. |
Molecule | 2 or more atoms joined in a definite ratio. Keeps physical and chemical properties. |
Diatomic Molecule | A molecule made of 2 atoms of the same element. |
Reactant | A substance or molecule that starts a chemical reaction. |
Product | The substance that forms as a result of a chemical reaction |
Law of Conservation of Mass | States that matter is neither created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. |
Synthesis Reaction | When two or more substances combine to create one new compound. |
Decomposition Reaction | A reaction where a single compound breaks down to form 2 simpler substances. |
Single-Displacement Reaction | One element replaces another element in compound leaving a new compound and 1 element . |
Double Displacement Reaction | The 2 metal ions in 2 compounds switch places in a chemical reactions. |
Indicator | Will change colors in the presence of an acid or a base. |
Cell | The smallest unit of life that can perform all life functions: eat, grow, reproduce |
Cell Processes | A group of cells that work together to do the same job |
Organ | A group of tissues that work together to perform body functions |
Organ System | A group of organs that work together to perform body functions. |
Diffusion | The movement of material from an area of high concentration into an area of low concentration. |
Osmosis | The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. |
Passive Transport | When cells don’t use any energy to move materials in and out of the cells. |
Active Transport | When cells have to use energy to move materials in and out of the cell. |
Endocytosis | When a cell surrounds a large particle of pseudopod and uses energy to pull it into the call. |
Exocytosis | When a cell surrounds a particle in a vesicle and pushes it out of the cell |
Photosynthesis | When a plant cell uses water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide to create glucose for energy. |
Cellular Respiration | When animal cells use oxygen to process food into glucose (sugar) energy. |
Fermentation | A backup system for cells to create energy when the cells don’t have enough oxygen. |