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Chemistry
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Atom | smallest piece of matter that has the same properties as the element it is in |
Proton | a positive subatomic particle in the atoms nucleus, its the identity of the element and atomic number |
Neutron | a neutral subatomic particle in the atoms nucleus... has no charge and most of the mass |
Electron | a negative subatomic particle spinning outside the nucleus of an atom. TINY!! |
Element | the simplest forms of matter that contain only one type of atom |
Periodic Table of Elements | a chart that organizes all the elements by atomic number and properties |
Valence Electron | the electron in the outer level of an atom that causes atoms to bond together |
Chemical Bond | an interaction that holds two atoms together |
chemical bonding | the joining of atoms to form a new substance |
ionic bond | is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
ion | charged particle or atoms that gained or lost electrons |
crystal lattice | Repeating 3 dimensional pattern that forms when ions bond |
covalent bond | the type of bond that forms when atoms share electrons instead of transferring them |
metallic bond | a special bond between metal ions and the electrons that swim around them |
malleability | metals can be pounded into sheets |
ductility | metals can be stretched and drawn into wires |
conductivity | metal can conduct electricity and heat |
Electron Dot Diagram | an easy way to show the valence electrons in an atom or chemical bond |
Compound | a set of elements that are chemically bonded and changed into new substances NaCl = salt |
Chemical Formula | a short hand way to use chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance |
Subscript | small number to the right of the element that shows how many atoms there are in one element |
Coefficient | The large number that multiplies atoms of the element 2cl+3na |
Chemical Equation | uses symbols to show the relationship between reactants and the product |
reactant | A substance or molecule that starts a chemical reaction |
product | The substance that forms as a result of a chemical reaction |
Law of Conservation of Mass | States that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction |
Synthesis Reaction | when two or more substances combine to create one new compound |
Decomposition Reaction | a reaction where a single compound breaks down to form 2 simpler substances |
Single-Displacement Reaction | one element replaces another element in a compound leaving a new compound and 1 element |
Double-Displacement Reaction | the 2 metal ions in 2 compounds switch places in a chemical reaction |
Indicator | will change colors in the presence of an acid or a base |