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Forces
Term | Definition |
---|---|
force | a push or pull that causes a change in motion |
applied force | a physical push or pull between two objects or people |
friction | the force that opposes motion and causes objects to slow down |
gravity | attractive force between any two objects that cause mass |
air pressure | forces applied by a moving gas |
electromagnetic force | the force between charged objects |
centripetal force | force that makes objects spin or change direction |
buoyancy | fluid force on objects to make them float |
lift | upward force of air that causes objects to rise when moving at a high rate of speed (airplanes and helicopters) |
magnitude | the strength of a force |
Newtons | the unit for force |
vector | an arrow used in a free-body diagram and tells you the magnitude and direction of a force |
net force | the total or resulting force acting on an object |
normal force | the support force caused by a surface against an object |
Newton's First Law of Motion | an object stays in motion or stays at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force |
Newton's Second Law of Motion | the mass of an object is directly proportional to the force applied on it and inversely proportional to its acceleration (F=ma) |
Newton's Third Law of Motion | every action has an equal but opposite reaction |
inertia | an object's resistance to changing its motion |
acceleration due to gravity | the rate at which objects accelerate toward the Earth when the force of gravity pulls on them (9.8 m/s2) |
weight | the force produced by an object's mass due to gravity (Fw=mg) |
mass | how much matter is in an object |
static friction | when two objects are touching each other but the force of friction is preventing movement |
air friction (drag) | the force that slows down an object when it is falling and cutting through the air |
sliding friction | when two objects are moving past each other but with some resistance |
viscous friction | friction created by a liquid running over a surface |
rolling friction | created by one object rolling over another |
momentum | mass in motion and how hard it is to make an object stop |