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Science- Chap. 15&16

What are the incomes and expenses of Earth's water budget? In Earth's water budget, precipitation is the income, and evapotranspiration and runoff are the expenses.
What are some personal (individual of family) uses of water? Drinking water Taking a shower Cooking food
What happens to 90% of the water used by cities and industry? Why is this bad? 90% of the water used by cities and industries turns into runoff and goes into nearby streams/rivers/lakes unfiltered and may cause pollution which is bad.
How much of Earth's surface is covered by water? More than 2/3
How much of Earth's water is fresh water? Only 3%
What is desalination? Desalination is the process of removing salt from ocean water. It is very expensive though.
Name some of the watersheds we live in. White Lake/river watershed, the Lake Michigan watershed, the Great Lakes watershed, the Atlantic Ocean watershed
suspended load silt and sand
bed load rocks of all sizes
dissolved load chemicals that are dissolved in water
What is the effect of stream gradient on its discharge? The stream gradient is the slope of a stream which effects the stream discharge which is the volume of water moved in a given time. The higher the slope, the faster the stream discharge.
How does a meander become an oxbow? A meander can become an oxbow by eventually curving too much.
What does a braided stream look like? A braided stream is composed of multiple channels that divide and rejoin around sediment bars.
What is an aquifer? An aquifer is a body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater.
Name a type of permeable rock. sandstone
Name a type of impermeable rock. clay
What are two zones of an aquifer? Zone of aeration Zone of saturation
How does a perched water table form? A perched water table is trapped above an impermeable rock layer.
recharge zone Surface water enters an aquifer through a recharge zone. Recharge zones are environmentally sensitive areas.
How does a cone of depression form around a well? Pumping water form a well lowers the water table around the well and form a cone of depression.
What is an artesian well? An artesian well forms when a sloping layer of permeable rock is sandwiched between two layers of impermeable rock.
What is a geyser? A geyser forms when a hot spring periodically erupts from surface pools or vents
Water table The upper surface of the zone of saturation is called the water table.
What is a well? A well is a hole dug below the level of the water table.
What is a hot spring? A hot spring is groundwater heated by magma
What is a spring? A spring is where groundwater comes to the surface in places where the surface dips below the water table.
porosity the percentage of the total volume of a rock or sediment that consists of open spaces
permeability describes how easily water flows through a porous material. Sandstone is highly permeable. Clay is essentially impermeable.
stream gradient slope of the stream (rise/run)
stream discharge volume of water moved in a given time period.
stream load the material carried downhill
watershed Land that drains into a river is called a watershed.
How does a river system form? A river system forms when precipitation is greater than evaporation
water cycle The water cycle is the movement of water from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface and back.
evapotranspiration total loss of liquid water from the soil and other surfaces (evaporation), and plants (transpiration) to the atmosphere.
condensation air rises and cools; water vapor (gas) changes to liquid water.
precipitation any form of water that falls to Earth from the clouds.
runoff precipitation that flows over the surface into a lake or river.
Created by: ryleemcgahan
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