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TLC Chemistry Test 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atoms | The smallest parts of an element that retains the chemical properties of an element. |
| Matter | Anything that takes up space is composed of matter including atom and molecules. |
| Elements | A type of pure substance that can't be changed into a simpler substance. It is also only made up of one type of atom. |
| Protons | Positively charged molecules located in an atoms nucleus. |
| Electrons | Negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus. |
| Democritus | The first person to come up with the idea of atoms and to state that atoms are indivisible. He also said that dividing an object a multiple times will eventually lead you to an atom. |
| Dalton | He proved Democritus's theory and he also added that atoms are to small to be seen with the naked eye. |
| Rutherford | He used the gold foil experiment and found that atoms had a nucleus. |
| Thompson | He was the scientist who came up with the plum pudding experiment to prove that electrons are negatively charged. |
| Bohr | He stated that electrons orbited around the atoms nucleus. He also created the correct model of the atom. |
| Compound | A type of substance that is composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined. It is only able to turn into a simpler substance by a chemical change. |
| Mixture | A substance that is composed of two or more different physically combined and they keep there own physical properties. |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | A mixture that is not the same throughout the mixture and the components of the mixture can be distinguished with the naked eye. |
| Homogeneous Mixture | A mixture that retains the same physical properties throughout the mixture and can't be visually distinguished with the naked eye. |
| Physical Properties | A property that can be studied and observed without changing the matter being studied. |
| Color | (Physical Property) The color of a pigment in a substance. |
| Density | (Physical Property) The property that describes the relationship between an objects mass and its volume. |
| Melting Point | The temperature at which a pure substance melts. |
| Boiling Point | The temperature at which a pure substance boils. |
| Chemical Properties | Properties that can only be noticed when they undergo a change in chemical composition. |
| Ability to Burn | A chemical process that involves an object or substance reacting quickly to oxygen and producing light and heat. |
| Ability to Rust | A chemical process that involves an object or substance reacting slowly with oxygen. |
| Physical Changes | When a substance changes from one state of matter to another and the composition of the object has not changed. |
| Changes in State of Matter | When a substance changes from one state of matter to another. |
| Changes in Size or Shape | When a substance changes from one size or shape to anothe |
| Chemical Changes | The result of the formation of one or more new substances with new physical and chemical properties. |
| Color Change | A chemical change in which a substance changes color the chemical making of a substance might have changed. |
| Temperature Change | When a substance is combined with another substance there might be an increase or decrease in temperature. |
| Formation of a Precipitate | A chemical change in which two substances are combined and a solid or a precipitate is formed. |
| Formation of a Gas | A chemical change in which solids or liquids are combined they might form gas bubbles. |
| Period | A horizontal row on the periodic table. |
| Atomic Number | The atomic number represents the number of electrons and protons. Elements are arranged numerically by atomic number on the periodic table. |
| How to find the amount of neutrons | Round the atomic weight to the nearest whole number. Subtract the atomic number from the rounded atomic weight. |
| Families | Families are groups with similar properties. |
| Groups | Columns on the periodic table. |
| Properties of Metals | Luster- having shiny surface Conductors -heat and electricity to flow through them easily Malleable- the ability to be hammered into different shapes Ductile- the ability to be pulled into a wire like shape High Density- heavy for its size |
| Properties of Non-Metals | Brittle- breaks easily Nonconductors- heat and electricity do not flow through them easily Dull- it lacks luster |
| Metalloids | Elements that have the properties of metals and non-metals The metalloids are Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Tellurium, Polonium |
| Chemical Symbols | They show the atoms of the elements composing a substance. Th first letter is always capitalized. No elements has the same symbol. |
| Subscript | They show the number of each kind of atom in the compound. |
| Covalent Bonds | A bond that contains two nonmetallic atoms. |
| Ionic Bonds | A bond that contains one metallic atom and one nonmetallic atom. |
| Law of Conservation of Matter | It states that the amount of matter doesn’t change during a chemical reaction the order is just rearranged. Another interpretation of the law is that matter can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be changed in form. |
| Yield | The arrow that is used to distinguish between the reactants and products in an equation. |
| Reactant | Substances that are broken apart or combined in a chemical reaction. |
| Product | New substances that are formed in the chemical reaction. |
| Coefficient | The number that comes before the chemical formula and shows the number of particles that participate in the reaction. |
| Acids | An acid is something that falls between 1-6 on the pH scale. |
| pH Scale | The pH scale is a tool that is used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is. |
| Base | A base is a solution that falls between 8 and 14 on the pH scale. |
| Neutral Solution | A neutral solution is not an acid or a base because on the pH scale it falls on 7. |
| Atoms have _____,________, and _______ | protons neutrons electrons |
| The______ of the atom is located in the_____ with electrons moving in random patterns in the space around the nucleus. | nucleus center |
| _______ can be separated by physical means such as filtration, sifting, or evaporation. | Mixtures |
| _______ can only be made into simpler substances (elements) by chemical changes. | Compounds |
| ____ have a sour taste | Acids |
| _____have a bitter taste | Bases |
| If the indicator __________ turns a milky white when added to a substance, the substance is an acid. | phenolphthalein |
| If the indicator phenolphthalein turns a ________when added to a substance, the substance is a neutral solution. | light pink |
| If the indicator phenolphthalein turns a dark pink when added to a substance, the substance is ________. | Bsae |
| _______ strips will turn varying shades of color ranging from a dark red to represent zero and a dark blue to represent 14. | pH |
| Blue litmus paper turns red when the solution is an _____. | Acid |
| ____________ turns blue when the solution is a base. | Red litmus paper |
| ____________ are located on the right side of the yield sign. | products |
| ___________ are located on the left side of the yield sign | reactants |
| If no subscript is shown then that means there is only ____ of that element | one |
| The boiling point of pure water is ______°F or 100°C. | 212 |
| The melting point of pure ice is ________°F or 0°C. | 32 |
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