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Unit 3A
Heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Heart is a muscle that functions in pumping ______ through______ of the cardiovascular system | Blood, vessels |
| The heart is composed ______ muscle, ______ in type. | Striated, Cardiac |
| How many internal cavities are there in the heart and what are they called ? | 4 Chambers, 2 Atria & 2 Ventricles |
| The atria and the ventricles are differentiated by By side of the body such as ? | Right and left Atrium, Left and right Ventricle |
| The heart is positioned in such a way that the atria lie _______ (NOT SUPERIOR) to the ventricles. | Posterior |
| When blood passing from the Atria to the Ventricles , moves _______ rather than _______. | Horizontally, Vertically |
| The heart is located in the _____ between the _____, resting on the ______ | Thorax, Lungs, Diaphragm |
| Structure that protects the heart ANTERIORLY | Sternum |
| Structure that protects the heart LATERALLY | Ribs, Intercostal muscles, Lungs |
| Structure that protects the heart POSTERIORLY | Thoracic vertebrae |
| PROTECTS HEART: The heart is enclosed in a tough connective tissue sac called the ? | Pericardium |
| The outer layer of the pericardium blends with the central tendon of the______ inferiorly | diaphragm |
| PERICARDIUM : _______ and ______, the fibrous layer blends with the major vessels of the heart, ______, ____ ___, &_______ ______ | Superiorly, Posteriorly, superior vena cava, Aorta, Pulmonary Trunk |
| The cardiac muscle itself is reffered to as ? | Myocardium |
| The inner EPITHELIAL lining of the chambers of the heart is referred to as ? | Endocardium |
| EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF HEART: the heart is described as having and ___, a _____, and 3 ____ | apex, base, surfaces |
| The 3 surfaces of the heart | Sternocostal , Diaphragmatic , Pulmonary |
| Surface that lies adjacent to the sternum and costal cartilages | Sternocostal |
| Surface that lies adjacent to the diaphragm | Diaphragmatic |
| Surface that lies adjacent to the medial surface of the left and right lung | Pulmonary |
| A rounded projection of the heart that points inferiorly and to the left | Apex |
| generally the area where the great vessels attach to the heart , and these vessels are ? | BASE, (aorta, pulmonary trunk,SVC) |
| Both right and left atria have EAR-Like appendages attached to the lateral surface of the atria's. | Auricles |
| Clinically, the term auricle is also referred to as the ? | Appendage |
| RA: a vertical muscular ridge is seen on the posterior wall of the right atrium is called ? | Crista Terminalis |
| in the right atrium From the crista terminalis are muscular ridge-like extensions called ______ and also called _____ | Musculi Pectinati , Pectinate Muscles |
| In the right atrium Musculi Pectinati are found in the right____ and in the right and left _____. | atrium, auricle |
| How many major venous openings into the right atrium ? | 3 |
| What are the 3 major venous openings called in the right atrium ? | Superior Vena Caval , Inferior Vena Caval , Opening of the coronary Sinus |
| The main vein returning blood to the heart(RA) from the UPPER half of the body | Superior Vena Cava |
| The main vein returning blood to the heart (RA) from the LOWER half of the body | Inferior Vena Cava |
| Venous chamber located on the posterior surface of the heart | Coronary Sinus |
| The coronary sinus recieves the cardiac veins that _____ the heart itself | Drain |
| The coronary sinus opens into the (RA) just _____ and _____ to the inferior vena cava. | anterior , superior |
| The partition between the right atrium and the left atrium | Interatrial septum |
| on the Interatrial septum in the RA lies an oval depression called the ? | Fossa Ovalis |
| Fossa ovalis is a remnant of a ______ that in the fetal stage of development existed between the RA & LA | Foramen |
| opening that closes at birth and remains in the adult as a fossa ovalis | Foramen Ovale |
| Anteriorly the right atrium opens into the right ventricle .. via the right ___________ opening | atrioventricular |
| Tricuspid Valve is also called | Right atrioventricular valve |
| The Right atrioventricular opening is guarded by the _________ ( RAV) | Tricuspid |
| a mechanical device that will allow for flow of blood in 1 direction only preventing retrograde flow (flow in the wrong direction) | Valve |
| 2 types of valves in the heart | Atrioventricular Valves , Semilunar Valves |
| An atrioventricular valve is composed of 3 parts ? | Cusps, Chordae Tendineae, Papillary muscle |
| flaps of connective tissue | cusps |
| connective tissue cords that attatch to the lower surface of the cusps located in the right and left ventricles | Chordae Tendineae |
| Internal folds of ventricular muscle that give attachment to the chordae tendineae | Papillary Muscles |
| The tricuspid valve functions in ? | closing during contraction of the right ventricle |
| When the tricuspid valve is closed , it will prevent _____ of blood from the RV to the RA | back flow |
| The tricuspid valve is held in a closed position via _____ _____ that are attached to the lower surface of the cusps , and are not ______ into the atrium | chordae tendineae, Everted (inside/outward) |
| RV: the internal surface of the ventricle consists of irregular ridge like projections of muscle called ? | Trabeculae Carneae |
| ______ muscles are a type of Trabeculae Carneae | Papillary |
| A band of muscle in the chamber (RV) is called the ? also called ? | Moderator Band, Septomarginal Trabecula |
| The Moderator band (septomarginal trabecula) contains important fibers of the _________ system of the heart. | Conduction |
| how many openings are there in the RV and what are they ? | 2 , Right atrioventricular opening( guarded by TV) , Pulmonary trunk opening |
| Blood will_____ the RV and _____ the pulmonary trunk by passing though the pulmonary trunk opening. | Leave, Enter |
| the pulmonary trunk opening is guarded by a valve called the ? | Pulmonary Semilunar Valve |
| a (pulmonary or Aortic) semilunar valve, unlike the atrioventricular valves does NOT possess ______ muscles & _________ | papillary, chordae tendineae |
| the pulmonary semilunar valve exists merely as a ______-_____ flaps surrounding an opening | pocket-like |
| For each semi-lunar valve there are how many cusps or flaps ? | 3 |
| PSV: the free edge of each cusp has a small central thickening of fibrous tissue , called the _______ | nodule |
| the nodule fills a small gap left at _______ of the 3 flaps. | closure |
| Between the cusps(flaps) of the PSV and the wall of the pulmonary trunk, there are ? | 3 sinuses |
| When the flow of blood is from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk the PSV ______. If the flow is RETROGRADE it _______. | opens, closes |
| Pulmonary Circulation: blood will flow though the pulmonary trunk into the right and left pulmonary ______, to the Right and left ______. | arteries, lungs |
| Pulmonary Circulation: in the lungs, blood will RELEASE ____ and RECEIVE ____ | CO2, O2 |
| Pulmonary Circulation:Oxygenated blood will return to the heart via 4 ________ _______. 2 from the _____ ____ and 2 from the ____ _____ | Pulmonary Veins, Right Lung, Left Lung |
| Pulmonary Circulation: All 4 of the pulmonary veins will enter the ___ ____. | Left Atrium |
| The left atrium has its musculi pectinati located within the left ______ ONLY | Auricle |
| The main part of the left atrium is taken up by the __#__ separate openings of the pulmonary_____. 2 on the right & 2 on left | 4, veins |
| THE ONLY other opening at the left atrium is the ? | LEFT ATRIOVENTRICULAR OPENING |
| The Bicuspid valve is also called the ? | Left Atrioventricular valve, Mitral valve |
| Because the Bicuspid valve is an atrioventricular valve it contains what ? | Chordae tendineae and Papillary muscles |
| how many cusps in the in the bicuspid valve | 2 |
| In the Mitral valve (bicuspid) the supporting papillary muscles connect to the ____. | cusps |
| blood will flow Through the Bicuspid valve from the _____ _____ into the _____ _____ | Left Atrium , Left ventricle |
| the LV contains muscular ridge like folds called | TRABECULAE CARNEAE |
| ____ _____ of the bicuspid valve are a type of TRABECULAE CARNEAE | Papillary muscles |
| One major difference between the RV and the LV is the _____ of the wall itself. | Thickness |
| The wall of the LV is usually more than ____ as ____ as that of the right. | twice , thick |
| The RV is thinner than the LV because must pump blood to how many organ(s) and which organ(s) | ONLY 1 organ , the lungs |
| The LV is thicker than the RV because it must pump blood to _____, and thus preforms ____ work, and is _____ in size. | every other organs (xcept lungs), More, Larger |
| How many openings in the LV | 2 |
| What are the only openings in the LV | Left atrioventricular opening , Opening of the Aorta |
| When the LV contracts, blood will leave and ____ the ____ | enter, Aorta |
| The opening of the Aorta is guarded by what valve ? | Aortic Semi Lunar Valve |
| The ASV has how many cusps | 3 |
| In the ASV where are the cusps located ? | at the opening of the aorta |
| The cusps of the ASV contain ___ and ___ as did the PSV | Nodules , Lunulae |
| ASV: the spaces between cusps and the wall of the aorta are termed ___ ___ and differ from the pulmonary sinuses in that the right aortic sinus and the left aortic sinus are the sites of origin of the R + L ______ sinuses | aortic sinuses, coronary |
| Blood will leave the LV and enter the_____ and then pass to all parts of the ___ | aorta , body |
| EXTERNAL vessels supplying the heart: _______ arteries arise form the ascending aorta supply of the muscle of the heart itself (myocardium) | Coronary |
| The ___ coronary arty courses on the right side of the heart and gives off the _____ artery | Right, Marginal |
| The left coronary artery gives courses off a ___ distance and gives off _#_ branches. | Short, 2 |
| 2 branches of the Left Coronary artery | Left anterior descending artery (LAD), Circumflex |
| The Left anterior descending artery (LAD) is also known as | Anterior interventricular artery |
| the muscle of the heart ( Myocardium) is drained by ? | Cardiac veins |
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