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Biology Chapter 8-9

Cellular Energy

QuestionAnswer
Why do biological systems need energy? to do work, chemical activites, growth, movement, reproduction, repair
Ho is energy stored chemical bonds
Chemical energy is stored where? food
Chemical energy is mad by... autotrophs in photosynthesis as glucose(sugar)
Who releases chemical energy? heterotrophs in respiration burns the glucose
What are autotrophs (producers) use sunlight to make food, usually green, food, provide 100% of their energy, (plants)
what are heterotrophs? (consumers), eat autotrophs and/or other heterotrophs, lose energy as you move up the food chains (humans)
What are the three parts of ATP? Adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups
What is ATP a high energy molecule
ATP comes from ADP when a phosphate adds to ADP
Ho is ATP formed? a release of chemical energy in respiration (sugar)
What does ATP stand for? Adenosine, triphosphate
What does ADP stand for? adenosine diphosphate
ADP has a partially... charged battery
ATP has a fully ... charged battery
Where is ADP in the cell
What is ADP stored energy in glucose bonds
ADP forms ____ because... ATP;so cell can work
Photosynthesis is light energy
light is the primary energy source for what process? photosynthesis
What uses PSN (photosynthesis)? plants
Where in the plant does PSN take place? chlorophyll, pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light
Waht colors are best absorbed by chlorophyll? green
What colors are not absorbed by chlorophyll? blue and red
What is the PSN equation? 6carbon dioxide +6 water+ sun > glucose
What is the equation for glucose C6,H12, O6 + 6 oxygen
What is necessary for photosynthesis that tall plants can access more easily? chloroplasts
What is the pigment found in chloroplasts called? chlorophyll
What is produced by the chlorophyll that is tested for with iodine? starch
What are ATP molecules? energy storing molecules
What are the reactans in photosynthesis 6carbon dioxide and 12 water
What is the product of photosynthesis C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6O2
What is the carbon in CO2 used to make? glucose
What is the equation for photosynthesis 6CO2+6H2O>C6H12O6+6O2
What are two parts of the chloroplast? thylakoid and stroma
What is a stack of thylakoids? granum
WHat are the stroma? spaces between thylakoids
What waverlengths of light do you think plants use the least in photosynthesis? green
what two colos are absorbed the best in photosynthesis? red and blue
Photosynthesis is energized by the ___ and breaks ___ sun, water
Where does the energy come from that sustains all life? the sun
Light dependent reactans are? sun and water
The products of light dependent reaction ATP, NADPH, oxygen
Where does the light-dependent reaction take place? thylakoid membrane (chlorophyll)
NADPH is an electron carrier
In a light-independent reaction, what enters the cycle? carbon dioxide
Where is the energy input for the light-independent reaction from? light dep. reaction
What is another name for the calvin cycle light independent reaction
Where does the light indep. take place? stroma (chloroplast)
What does light indep. start with? carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH
What is produced from the Calvin Cycle? glucose-sugar
What has to happen before light indep. light dep.
What is produced from the calvin cycle glucose
where does the light dep reaction and teh calving cycle occur? chloroplast
Identify the three things produced from the light dep. reaction NADPH, oxygen, ATP
What is produced from the carbon dioxide during photosynthesis? oxygen
Glucose food energy source
ATP chemical energy our cells use
Glucose becomes what from respiration? ATP
Glycolysis splits ____ in half glucose
Why do we eat calories raw material for cell growth, energy
calorie unit of energy in food, measured as heat
calorimeter determines calories in food
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen
cellular respiration is a ___ process gradual
What is teh equation for cellular respiration? glucose + 6 oxygen> 6 carbon + 6 water + 36 ATP
Where does glycolysis take place? cytoplasm
What are the products of glycolysis? ATP, NADPH, Pyruvic acids
Where does teh Krebs cycle take place? mitochondria
what is another name for the krebs cycle? citric acid cycle
what are the reactants of the krebs cycle pyruvic acid
what are the products of the krebs cycle carbon dioxide, ATP, NADPH, FADH2
Where does lactic acid fermentation fit in instead of krebs after glycolysis
What are the products of lactic acid fermentation 2 lactic acids, NAD+
Where does lactic acid fermentation take place? Muscle cells= sore muscles
Photosynthesis: makes___ gives off___ uses ____ as energy use___ glucose, oxygen, sunlight, energy
respiration: breaks apart___ uses___ makes___ gives off___ glucose, oxygen, cell energy, carbon dioxide,
The reactants or PSN are the products of respiration
the reactants of resp. are the procuts of PSN
Where does the ETC take place? mitochondria
What are the reactants of ETC NADH, FADH2, oxygen
what are the products of ETC water and ATP
Quick energy is used for intense exercise
The first few seconds of exercise use ATP
After the first few seconds or exercise lactic acid fermentation
long term energy uses cellular respiration
after th first 15-20 minutes stored molecules and fat is burned
What is the formuala of respiration C6H12O6+6O2>36ATP+6CO2+6H2O
List the three steps of respiration? glycolysis, krebs cycle, ETC
How much total ATP is produced from respiration? 4ATP
What is a control group in an experiment? Why are they used? Nomal or unchanged group, used to compare to test group
How do autotrophs differ from heterotrophs? produce food
Name three things that can affect an enzyme's funciton. PH temperature and concentration
Of what macromolecule are enzymes made? protein
What do catalysts do to chemical reactions? speed up
What do catalysts do to activation energy lower it
What is teh difference between a eukaryote and prokaryote nucleus
Name two structuresfoudn in a plact cell that are missing in an animal cell. chloroplast, cell wall
identify in order the three stages of cellular respiration glycolysis, krebs cycle, ETC
what is the light absorbin pigment found in plants call? chlorophyll
where does photosynthesis occur chloroplast
what are the reactants of celluar respiration sugar and oxygen
many glucose molecules joinded together are calle dwhat? polysaccharide
what part of the cell pakcages proteins after teh ER modifies them golgi apparatus
what typ e orf cells lack membrane boudn organelles? prokaryotic
identify the electron carriers of respiration NADH and FADH2
what are the reactants of cellualar respiration glucose and oxygen
what is produced from the calvin cycle sugar
in which typs of cells does respiration occur eukaryotes
why do enzymes from our mouth stop woking in out stomacch too acidic
what is a testable possible explanation for a set of observations called hypothesis
when a hypothesis is proven wron, what would a scientist do next? change it
can a theory be revised? yes, when proven wrong
how does a hypothesis become a theory many tests prove it corrct
what is present in your body to help pspeed u chemical reaction? enzymes
what is diffusion movement of molecules from high to lw concentration
name at least two organlles that are part of protein production ribosome, ER
what is diffusion of water across the cell membrane osmosis
wwhat is a stack of thylakoids called granum
what is the carbon in carbon dioxide used to create during photosynthesis sugar
what three things are produced from the light dependent reaction fo photosynthesis? NADPH, ATP, O2
Name three parts of ATP adenine, ribose and 3 phosphate groups
Created by: 3j0mk1
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