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Pathology
Neo/Peds Pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PPHN | Persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn. Results from Right to left shunt. Results in sever hypoxia and cyanosis after birth |
| Clinical presentation/diagnosis of PPHN | Cyanosis, tachypnea, acidemia, hypoxemia |
| For severely ill newborns with PPHN, other therapy includes: | Inhaled nitric oxide, HFV, ECMO, Flolan (epoprostenol) prostacyclin |
| ASD | atrial septal defect |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect |
| Transient Tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB) | Common in C-section babies, symptoms begin 12-24 hours after birth and usually last only 24 hours. |
| TTBN clinical presentation/diagnosis | High APGAR scores at birth but after 12-24 hours after birth newborn develops RDS involving mild to moderate retractions, tachypnea, cyanosis. |
| CXR of TTBN baby | pulmonary congestion with increased vascular markings. May be misdiagnosed as IRDS |
| Treatment for TTBN | Supplemental O2 (40-60%), CPAP, Postural drainage and percussion |
| Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia | Results from the absence of incomplete development of one of the hemidiaphragms, allowing the abdominal organs to enter the thorax. |
| CDH clinical presentation and diagnosis | Compression of the lung on the affected side with the mediastinum shifting to the opposite side, presence of bowel sounds in the chest, |
| CHD chest xray | abdominal organs (loops of bowel) in the thoracic area and atelectasis/hypoplasia of the lung on the affected side |
| Treatment/Managment of CDH | Insert NG tube and intubate, Immediate surgical correction is required |
| Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) | This is a chronic condition that results from treatment of RDS with mechanical ventilation and high concentrations of oxygen over a prolonged period of time (>28 days) |
| BPD clinical presentation/Diagnosis | tachypnea, retractions and persistent cyanosis, lengthy ventilatory course associated with poor response to therapy |
| Xray of BPD | multiple pneumothoraces, sponge-like, honeycomb pattern with flattened diaphragm. |
| Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema | Occurs as a complication of mechanical ventilation when air is present outside the normal airways |
| Complications of PIE | Causes compression of pulmonary blood vessels, resulting in increased PVR and compression of lymphatic vessels, resulting in increased lung water. |
| Clinical presentation/Diagnosis of PIE | Tachypnea, cyanosis, retractions, hypoxia from hypoventilation and V/Q mismatch, increased PVR nay result in right to left shunting, air trapping with barrel chest or increased AP diameter |
| Chest xray for PIE | Irregular bubbles in hilar area radiating outward, linear lucencies or streaks |
| Coarctation of aorta | narrowing of aorta changing blood flow |
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | abnormal development of left-sided cardiac structures including the mitral valve, left ventricle, and aortic arch. |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | most common congenital heart abnormalities. Includes four components: pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta to the right, and right ventricular hypertrophy. |
| Transposition of the Great Arteries | The positions of the aorta and pulmonary artery are reversed, with the aorta arising from the RV and the pulmonary artery arising from the LV. |
Created by:
bbrashears0004
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