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A&P:I:Joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What movement does synarthrosis provide? | No movement |
| Synarthrosis Characteristics | fibrous, bony (fusion), or cartilaginous connections may fuse over time Very strong |
| What are the four types of sutures? | Sutures gomphosis synchondrosis synostosis |
| Suture | Skull only Bony fusion Bound by dense fibrous connective tissue |
| Gomphosis | Fibrous Teeth to gums |
| Synchondrosis | rigid cartilaginous bridge between 2 bones: epiphyseal cartilage of long bones between vertebrosternal ribs and sternum |
| Synostosis | Fused bones, immovable metopic suture of skull epiphyseal lines of long bones |
| What kind of movement does amphiarthrosis | little movement |
| Amphiarthrosis Characteristics | fibrous or cartilaginous connections stronger than freely movable joint |
| What types of amphiarthrosis? | Syndesmosis Symphysis |
| Syndesmosis | bones connected by ligaments ankle |
| Symphysis | bones separated by fibrocartilage pubic symphysis |
| Diarthrosis (synovial joints) Characteristics/movement | more movement at ends of long bones within articular capsules |
| What is within articular cartilages? | lined with synovial membrane where syn fluid is found: Lubrication, Nutrient distribution, Shock absorption |
| What are a accessory structures of synovial joints? | Cartilage - cushion Fat pads – protection Ligaments – support Tendons – support, attaches muscles Bursae – cushions where tendons and ligaments rub |
| Synovial Joint: Gliding | Flattened or slightly curved faces Limited motion |
| Example of gliding? | Acromioclavicular and claviculosternal joints, sacroiliac |
| Synovial Joint: Hinge | Angular motion in a single plane |
| Example of Hinge | Elbow joint, knee joint, ankle joint, and interphalangeal joint |
| Synovial Joint: Pivot | Rotation only |
| Example of pivot? | Atlas/axis proximal radioulnar joint |
| Synovial Joint: Ellipsoidal | Oval articular face within a depression Motion in 2 planes (biaxial) |
| Ellipsoidal | Radiocarpal joint metacarpophalangeal joint 2-5 Metatarsophalangeal joint |
| Synovial Joint: Saddle | 2 concave faces, straddled |
| Example of saddle | first carpometacarpal joint |
| Synovial Joint: Ball-and-sockets | rounded articular face in depression |
| Examples of ball-and-socket joints? | shoulder joint hip joint |
| Intervertebral discs | pads of fibrocartilage separate vertebral bodies |
| Where does the vertebrae articulate? (c2 to L5) | at inferior and superior articular processes (gliding joints) between adjacent vertebral bodies (symphyseal joints) |
| What is another name for Shoulder Joint | aka glenohumeral joint: |
| What does the shoulder joint do? | allows more motion than any other joint is the least stable supported by skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments |
| An example of shoulder joint | ball and socket diathrosis |
| what is Elbow Joint | A stable hinge joint |
| What is the articulations of the elbow joint | With articulations between humerus, radius, and ulna |
| Elbow joint: Humeroulnar joint: | trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna limited movement |
| Elbow joint: Humeroradial joint: | smaller articulation capitulum of humerus and head of radius |
| What is a hip joint also known as | coxal joint |
| What is a hip joint? | Strong ball-and-socket diarthrosis Wide range of motion Head of femur fits in it Socket of acetabulum Which is extended by fibrocartilage acetabular labrum |
| What is a knee joint> | A complicated hinge joint Transfers weight from femur to tibia |
| What is the articulations of the knee joint | 2 femur–tibia articulations: at medial and lateral condyles 1 between patella and patellar surface of femur |
| Knee joint: Medial and lateral menisci | fibrocartilage pads at femur–tibia articulations cushion and stabilize joint give lateral support |
| Rheumatism | A pain and stiffness of skeletal and muscular systems |
| Arthritis | - All forms of rheumatism that damage articular cartilages of synovial joints |
| Arthritis - Osteoarthritis | Caused by wear and tear of joint surfaces, or genetic factors affecting collagen formation, generally in people over age 60 |
| Arthritis - Rheumatoid Arthritis- | inflammatory condition, caused by infection, allergy, or autoimmune disease, involves the immune system, any age |
| Arthritis - Gouty Arthritis | Occurs when crystals (uric acid or calcium salts) form within synovial fluid due to metabolic disorders |
| Examples of gliding joints | Acromioclavicular and claviculosternal joints intercarpal/tarsal joints vertebrocostal joints sacroiliac joints |
| Examples of hinge joints | elbow joint knee joint ankle joint interphalangeal joint |
| Examples of pivot joints | Atlas/axis proximal radioulnar joint |
| examples of ellipsoidal | radiocarpal joint metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5 metatarsophalangeal joint |
| examples of saddle joint | first carpometacarpal joint |
| Examples of ball and socket joints | Shoulder joint and hip joint |
| Movement of saddle | biaxial |
| movement of ball and socket | triaxial |
| movement of ellipsoidal joint | biaxial |
| movement of pivot | monoaxial |
| movement of hinge | monoaxial |
| movement of gliding | multiaxial or slight nonaxial |
Created by:
talennna
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