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Geology
Igneous rocks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Magma | A body of molten rock found at depth, including any dissolved gases and crystals |
| Bowens reaction series | A concept proposed by N.L. Bowen that illustrates the relationship between magma and the minerals crystallizing from it during the formation of igneous rock |
| Extrusive | Igneous activity that occurs at earths surface |
| Intrusive | Igneous rock that formed at below earths surface |
| Phenocryst | Conspicuously large crystals in a porphyry that are imbedded in a matrix of finer grained crystals |
| Aphantic texture | A texture of igneous rocks in which crystals are too small for individual minerals to be distinguished with unaided eye. |
| Phaneritic texture | An igneous texture in which the crystals are roughly equal in size and large enough so that an individual minerals can be identified with the unaided eye |
| Glassy texture | A term used to described the texture of certain igneous rocks such as obsidian that contain no crystals |
| Pyroclastic texture | An igneous rock texture resulting from the consolidation of individual rock fragments that are ejected during violent eruptions |
| Pegmatitic texture | A texture of igneous rock in which the interlocking crystals are all larger than 1 cm in diameter |
| Mafic texture | Because basaltic rock contains a higher percentage of Ferromagnesium minerals they're also called mafic from magnesium and ferrum the Latin name for iron |
| Ultramafic | Compositional category for igneous rocks made up almost entirely of Ferromagnesium minerals mostly Olivine and pryoxene. |
| Intermediate | Compositional category for igneous rocks found near the middle of bowens reaction series mainly amphiboles and the intermediate plagioclase feldspars |
| Felsic | The term derived from feldspar and silica quartz it is a term used to describe granitic igneous rock |
| Volatiles | Gaseous components of a Magma dissolve and melt. Volatiles will readily vaporize (form a gas) at surface pressures |
| Granitic | Igneous rocks composed mainly of light-colored silicates (quartz an feldspar) are said to have this composition |
| Basaltic | Term used to describe igneous rocks that contain abundant dark (Ferromagnesian) minerals and have about 50% silica |
| Andesitic | Igneous rocks having a mineral make up between that of the granite and salt after the common volcanic rock andesite |
Created by:
sprestidge34
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