Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Joint (articulation) | site where two or more bones meet andenable movement |
| Structural classification | bases on how bony regions are separated |
| Fibrous joints | fibrous tissue |
| Cartilaginous joints | cartilage |
| Synovial joints | joint cavity |
| How are Joints Classified | By the type of tissue that binds them together and also by grouped according to the range of movement possible at the junctions betweenbones. |
| Functional classification | degree of movement |
| Synarthrosis | immovable jointsEx. Suture between the bones of the skull |
| Amphiarthrosis | slightly movable jointsEx. Joints between the pubic bones of the pelvis & vertebrae |
| Diarthrosis | freely movable joints |
| Fibrous Joints | Bones united by fibrous tissue - 3 types:a. Syndesmosisb. Suturec. Gomphosis |
| Syndesmosis | Bones bound by interosseous ligament- ampthriarthoric |
| Suture | Between the flat bones of skull only- sutural ligaments- synarthrotic |
| Gomphosis | Formed by union of cone-shaped bony process in a bony socket-synarthrotic |
| Periodontal ligament | root to tooth fastened to the jawbone |
| Cartilaginous joints | Hyaline of fibrocartilage unite bonesTwo Types:a. Synchondrosisb. Symphysis |
| Synchondrosis | Hyaline cartilage untie bones-Temporary- cartilage band- epiphyseal plate-Permantet- between manubrium & 1st rib-Synarthrotic |
| Symphysis | Articular surface covered by thin hyaline and fibrocartilage-Symphysis pubis (pelvis) & intervertebral disks (amphiarthrotic) |
| Synovial Joints | Most jointsAllow free movement - diarthroticConsist of:- Articular cartilage- Joint cavity or capsule - Synovial membrane -secretes synovial fluid |
| General Structure of synovial joint: | - Articular cartilage- Tubular joint capsule- Ligaments- Synovial membrane- Synovial fluid- Menisci- Burase |
| Articular cartilage | Hyaline cartilage at ends of long bones |
| Tubular joint capsule | - 2 layers of dense connective tissue- Holds together bones of synovial joint- Its fibers attach to periosteum |
| Ligaments | - tough collagenous fibers - reinforce joint capsule - bind articular ends- May be inside fibrous layer of capsule or outside- Prevent excessive movement at the joint- Relatively inelastic |
| Synovial membrane | - inner layer of joint capsule - loose connective tissue- Covers all surfaces within joint capsule except articular cartilage- Surrounds synovial cavity, closes sac |
| Synovial fluid | - produced by synovial membrane- lubricates smooth cartilaginous surfaces within joint- Supplies articular cartilage with nutrients |
| Menisci | - Between articular surfaces of some joints- Help cushion and distribute body weight (knee) |
| Bursae | - Sac filled with synovial fluid- Patella of the knee & olecranon process of the elbow- Cushion - Aid in movement of tendons that glide over the bony portion of the joint |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | - autoimmune disease- Affects joints & surrounding muscle, tendons, ligaments, & blood vessels- 10% total disability because of fibrous & bony ankylosis- Affects women 3 times more often then men |
| The 4 Stages of Rhemuatoid Arthritis | Peak onset- 35 to 50 years old1. Synovitis – from congestion & edema2. Pannus – thickened layers & tissues invades joint capsule & bone3. Fibrous ankylosis – scar formation4. Calcification – bony ankylosis – total immobility |
| Osteoarthritis | - wear & tear, obesity, inactivity- Common in hips & knees- Deterioration of joint cartilage |
| Gouty arthritis or gout | high levels of uric acid |
| Scleroderma | skin hardens and thickens |
| Gliding joints | Bone surfaces slide over one another. (Joints in wrist & ankle) |
| Hinge joints | allows movement in one direction changing the angle of the bones at the joint (elbow |
| Pivot joint | allows rotation around length of bones.(Joints between the 1st & 2nd cervical vertebrae) |
| Condyloid | allows movement in 2 directions.(joint b.t wrist & the bones of the forearm) |
| Ball and Sockect | allows movement in many directions around a central point (hip & shoulder) |
| Saddle joint | between the trapezuim and the metacarpal #1 |
| flexion | a decreas in the angle between 2 bonesex.- bending the fingers to close the hand |
| Extension | Straightening motion that increase the angle between bonesex.- straightening the fingers to open the hand |
| Hyperextension | excess extension of the parts at a joint, beyond the anatomical positionex.- bend the hand back |
| Dorsiflexion | bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin ex.- bending the foot upward |
| Plantar flexioin | bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole ex.- bending the foot downward |
| Abduction | moving a part away from the midline |
| Adduction | moving a part toward the midline |
| Supination | turning the hand so the palm is upward |
| Pronation | turning the hand so the palm is downward |
| Eversion | turning the foot so the sole face laterally |
| Inversion | turning the foot so the sole faces medially |
| Protraction | moving a part fowardex.- thrusting the chin foward |
| Retraction | moving a part backwardex.- pulling the chin backward |
| Elevation | raising a partex.- shurring the shoulders |
| Depression | lowering a partex.- drooping the shoulders |
Created by:
drewsgirl
Popular Anatomy sets