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Bio - Evolution

Biology Test - Genetics and Evolution

Question/Term	Answer/Definition
Taxonomy	branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history
Who classified things into plants and animals?	Aristotle
He used organisms _______ and _______ when grouping them into categories	Linneaus, form, structure
What seven categories of living things did Linneaus come up with?	Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Group, Species
Linnaeus used _______ _______ to name animals	binomial nomenclature
_________ and _____ names form the scientific name of an organism	genus and species
In the scientific name of an organism, genus name is ____________ and species name is ________. Both are either ____________ or __________	capitalized, lower case, underlined or in italics
Until recently, scientists placed all living things into one of _______ kingdoms	five
The five kingdoms are...	Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Monera was recently split into what two kingdoms?	Archaebacteria and Eubachteria
Kingdom consisting of all prokaryotes	Monera
What kind of organism would fall under Monera	bacteria
Kingdom consisting of protozoans or algae	Protista
Give an example of something found in Kingdom Protista	paramecium, amoeba, seaweed
Kingdom consisting of fungus	Fungi
Give and example of something in Kingdom Fungi	mushrooms, molds, yeast
Kingdom of all plants	Plantae
Kingdom of all vertabrates and invertabrates	Animalia
This group is broader than kingdom	Domain
Which kingdoms fall under the domain Eukarya?	Protists, plants, fungi, and animals
Which Kingdoms fall under the domain Bacteria?	Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
This is sometimes called the catch-all kingdom	Monera
_________ are sometimes considered organisms but they are not living	Viruses
What is Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?	When allele frequency does not change from one generation to another
What are the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?	1. No net mutations 2. Individuals can't enter or leave 3. The population is large 4. Individuals mate randomly 5. No selection
What is the formula for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?	p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
What are the frequencies of BB, Bb, bb?	BB = p^2 Bb = pq bb = q^2
What are the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles?	p + q = 1 where p = dominant and q = rec.
Biogenesis	the theory that living organisms come only from other living organisms.
Spontaneous Generation	organisms develop from non-living material
Explain Redi's experiment	Redi put meat in a sealed and unsealed jar. He observed and watched maggots appear. Maggots appeared inside the open container only, thus proving that meat did not produce maggots and therefore disproving spontaneous generation
How long ago did the solar system form?	5 billion years
How long ago did the earth form?	4.6 billion years
Explain radioactive dating	Radioactive isotopes are compared for amounts of carbon and years can be estimated based on those findings
___________ believed Earth's primative atmosphere was much different than that of today	Oparin
What are microspheres and coacervates and how are they like cells?	Microspheres are composed of many proteins, and coacervates are collections of droplets composed of different substances like linked amino acids and sugars
The first cells on earth were probably replication molecules of ______.	RNA or RNX ( I can't read my writing lol)
The first autotrophs probably obtained their food through ____________ and ________	Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis
Photosynthesis contributed _______ to our atmosphere and made earth a more _______ place so animals and plants could move on ________	ozone (O3), inhabitable, land
The development of Large Prokaryotes to Pre Eukaryotes to Primative Eukaryotes is called the ________ theory	endosymbiotic
Fossil	a trace of a long-dead organism
Evolution	Change over time
Give an example that shows Lamarck's Theory	Giraffe's necks growing long over time, if a mother breaks her arm then her baby will have a broken arm
Natural Selection	the process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates
Who was Darwin?	Wealthy British Physician, ideas about theory of evolution, first to theorize natural selection
Darwin believed in _________ of a species by descent and natural selection	modification
Homologous and analogous structures are similar because of a _________ ancestor	shared
Analogous structures are similar in ________ and ________	appearance and function
Different embryos are _________ similar in similarities in embryology	strikingly/very
In similarities in macromolecules, more similiar forms have a more ________ ancestor	recent
Population genetics	The study of evolution from a genetic point of view
In stabilizing selection, individuals with the ________ form of a trait have the ________ fitness	average, highest /greatest (ex. body size)
Directional selection means that individuals with a more ________ form of a trait have a _________ fitness than those with average	extreme, greater (ex. tongue length)
Disruptive selection means that individuals with a extreme _________ of a trait have ________ fitness	variation, greater (ex shell color)
Sexual selection means that females select males based on good _________ traits	protective
Vestigial structures are structures that were useful to an __________ but are not useful _____	ancestor, now

Created by: vojoker on 2005-04-05

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Bio - Evolution

Biology Test - Genetics and Evolution