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Bio - Evolution
Biology Test - Genetics and Evolution
| Question/Term | Answer/Definition |
|---|---|
| Taxonomy | branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history |
| Who classified things into plants and animals? | Aristotle |
| He used organisms _______ and _______ when grouping them into categories | Linneaus, form, structure |
| What seven categories of living things did Linneaus come up with? | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Group, Species |
| Linnaeus used _______ _______ to name animals | binomial nomenclature |
| _________ and _____ names form the scientific name of an organism | genus and species |
| In the scientific name of an organism, genus name is ____________ and species name is ________. Both are either ____________ or __________ | capitalized, lower case, underlined or in italics |
| Until recently, scientists placed all living things into one of _______ kingdoms | five |
| The five kingdoms are... | Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia |
| Monera was recently split into what two kingdoms? | Archaebacteria and Eubachteria |
| Kingdom consisting of all prokaryotes | Monera |
| What kind of organism would fall under Monera | bacteria |
| Kingdom consisting of protozoans or algae | Protista |
| Give an example of something found in Kingdom Protista | paramecium, amoeba, seaweed |
| Kingdom consisting of fungus | Fungi |
| Give and example of something in Kingdom Fungi | mushrooms, molds, yeast |
| Kingdom of all plants | Plantae |
| Kingdom of all vertabrates and invertabrates | Animalia |
| This group is broader than kingdom | Domain |
| Which kingdoms fall under the domain Eukarya? | Protists, plants, fungi, and animals |
| Which Kingdoms fall under the domain Bacteria? | Archaebacteria and Eubacteria |
| This is sometimes called the catch-all kingdom | Monera |
| _________ are sometimes considered organisms but they are not living | Viruses |
| What is Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? | When allele frequency does not change from one generation to another |
| What are the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? | 1. No net mutations 2. Individuals can't enter or leave 3. The population is large 4. Individuals mate randomly 5. No selection |
| What is the formula for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? | p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 |
| What are the frequencies of BB, Bb, bb? | BB = p^2 Bb = pq bb = q^2 |
| What are the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles? | p + q = 1 where p = dominant and q = rec. |
| Biogenesis | the theory that living organisms come only from other living organisms. |
| Spontaneous Generation | organisms develop from non-living material |
| Explain Redi's experiment | Redi put meat in a sealed and unsealed jar. He observed and watched maggots appear. Maggots appeared inside the open container only, thus proving that meat did not produce maggots and therefore disproving spontaneous generation |
| How long ago did the solar system form? | 5 billion years |
| How long ago did the earth form? | 4.6 billion years |
| Explain radioactive dating | Radioactive isotopes are compared for amounts of carbon and years can be estimated based on those findings |
| ___________ believed Earth's primative atmosphere was much different than that of today | Oparin |
| What are microspheres and coacervates and how are they like cells? | Microspheres are composed of many proteins, and coacervates are collections of droplets composed of different substances like linked amino acids and sugars |
| The first cells on earth were probably replication molecules of ______. | RNA or RNX ( I can't read my writing lol) |
| The first autotrophs probably obtained their food through ____________ and ________ | Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis |
| Photosynthesis contributed _______ to our atmosphere and made earth a more _______ place so animals and plants could move on ________ | ozone (O3), inhabitable, land |
| The development of Large Prokaryotes to Pre Eukaryotes to Primative Eukaryotes is called the ________ theory | endosymbiotic |
| Fossil | a trace of a long-dead organism |
| Evolution | Change over time |
| Give an example that shows Lamarck's Theory | Giraffe's necks growing long over time, if a mother breaks her arm then her baby will have a broken arm |
| Natural Selection | the process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates |
| Who was Darwin? | Wealthy British Physician, ideas about theory of evolution, first to theorize natural selection |
| Darwin believed in _________ of a species by descent and natural selection | modification |
| Homologous and analogous structures are similar because of a _________ ancestor | shared |
| Analogous structures are similar in ________ and ________ | appearance and function |
| Different embryos are _________ similar in similarities in embryology | strikingly/very |
| In similarities in macromolecules, more similiar forms have a more ________ ancestor | recent |
| Population genetics | The study of evolution from a genetic point of view |
| In stabilizing selection, individuals with the ________ form of a trait have the ________ fitness | average, highest /greatest (ex. body size) |
| Directional selection means that individuals with a more ________ form of a trait have a _________ fitness than those with average | extreme, greater (ex. tongue length) |
| Disruptive selection means that individuals with a extreme _________ of a trait have ________ fitness | variation, greater (ex shell color) |
| Sexual selection means that females select males based on good _________ traits | protective |
| Vestigial structures are structures that were useful to an __________ but are not useful _____ | ancestor, now |
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vojoker
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