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ES Vocab Ch6
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Sediment | Small pieces of rock that are moved and deposited by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity. |
Lithification | The physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks. |
Cementation | When mineral growth glues sediment grains together into solid rock. |
Bedding | The primary feature of sedimentary rocks is horizontal layering. |
Graded Bedding | Bedding in which the particle sizes become progressively heavier and coarser toward the bottom layers. |
Cross-bedding | Formed as inclined layers of sediment are deposited across a horizontal surface. |
Clastic Sedimentary Rock | Formed from the abundant deposits of loose sediments that accumulate on earths surface. |
Clastic | Comes from the greek word klastos, meaning broken. |
Porosity | The percentage of open spaces between grains in a rock. |
Evaporite | Form in arid regions and in drainage basins on continents that have low water flow. |
Foliated | Layers and bands of minerals. |
Nonfoliated | Composed mainly of minerals that form with blocky crystal shapes. |
Regional Metamorphism | When high temperature and pressure affect large regions of earths crust. |
Contact Metamorphism | When molten material such as that in an igneous intrusion, comes in contact with solid rock. |
Hydrothermal Metamorphism | When very hot water reacts with rock and alters its chemical and mineral composition. |
Rock Cycle | The continuous changing and remaking of rocks. |