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Chapter 3 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Solid | The state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume. |
Liquid | The state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape. |
Gas | The state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. |
Kinetic energy | The energy an object has due to its motion. |
Pressure | The result in a force distributing over an area. |
Absolute zero | A temperature of 0 kelvins. |
Charles's law | The direct proportion of the volume of a gas to its temperature (in kelvins) if the pressure and the number of particles of the gas are constant. |
Boyel's law | The inverse variation of the volume of a gas with its pressure if the temperature at which vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. |
Phase change | A reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another. |
Endothermic | A description of a change in which a system absorbs energy from its surroundings. |
Heat of fusion | The energy a substance must absorb |
Exothermic | The system releases energy to its surroundings. |
Vaporization | The phases change in which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. |
Heat of vaporization | One gram of water gains 2261 joules of energy. |
Evaporation | The process that changes a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the substances boiling points. |
Vapor pressure | The pressure caused by the collisions of this vapor pressure and the walls of the container. |
Condensation | The phase change in which a substance changes from a gas to vapor to a liquid. |
Sublimation | The phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first. |
Deposition | When a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without first changing to a liquid. |